# Bismuth ## 🧊 Bismuth · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Bi&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Bismuth"></iframe> *Bismuth in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Bi) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Bismuth plate.svg *Plate 83 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - Nuclear stability - why all elements above bismuth are radioactive - Bismuth subsalicylate - the pharmaceutical application and antacid chemistry - Fusible alloy - bismuth in solders and specialty alloys - Crystal structure - the iridescent oxides and hopper growth - [[Radioactive_decay|Radioactive decay]] - the 2003 discovery that bismuth-209 decays alpha ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Bismuth.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `Acrylic_paint` · [[Actinium]] · `Actinium-225` · `Active_ingredient` · `Age_of_the_universe` · `Alchemical_symbol` · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · [[Alloy]] · `Alpha` · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Ancient_Egypt` · `Anisotropy` · [[Antimony]] · [[Argon]] · `Armenia` · [[Arsenic]] · [[Astatine]] · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · `Ballistics` · [[Barium]] · `Barium_chromate` · `Becquerel` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · `Bibrocathol` · `Biological_half-life` · `Bismanol` · `Bismite` · `Bismoclite` · `Bismole` · `Bismuth(III)_acetate` · `Bismuth(III)_iodide` · `Bismuth(III)_nitrate` · `Bismuth(III)_oxide` · `Bismuth(III)_sulfate` · `Bismuth(III)_sulfide` · `Bismuth-209` · `Bismuth_(disambiguation)` · `Bismuth_arsenide` · `Bismuth_bronze` · `Bismuth_chloride` · `Bismuth_compounds` · `Bismuth_ferrite` · `Bismuth_germanate` · `Bismuth_hydroxide` · `Bismuth_iodate` · `Bismuth_oxychloride` · `Bismuth_oxyiodide` · `Bismuth_oxynitrate` · `Bismuth_pentafluoride` · `Bismuth_pentoxide` · `Bismuth_phosphide` · `Bismuth_selenide` · `Bismuth_silicon_oxide` · `Bismuth_subcarbonate` · `Bismuth_subcitrate` · `Bismuth_subgallate` · `Bismuth_subsalicylate` · `Bismuth_telluride` · `Bismuth_tribromide` · `Bismuth_trifluoride` · `Bismuth_vanadate` · `Bismuthate` · `Bismuthia` · `Bismuthide` · `Bismuthine` · `Bismuthinite` · `Bismuthyl` · `Block_(periodic_table)` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · `Bolivia` · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · `Brass` · 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[[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Praseodymium_bismuthide` · `Primordial_nuclide` · [[Promethium]] · [[Protactinium]] · `Public_domain` · `Pyrotechnics` · [[Radioactive_decay]] · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · `Riot_gun` · [[Roentgenium]] · `Rose's_metal` · [[Rubidium]] · `Russia` · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · `Salicylic_acid` · [[Samarium]] · [[Scandium]] · [[Seaborgium]] · [[Selenium]] · `Semiconductor` · `Shear_modulus` · `Sherwood_Gorbach` · `Shigellosis` · `Shot_(pellet)` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · `Sintering` · [[Sodium]] · `Sodium_bismuthate` · `Solder` · `Solid` · `South_Korea` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Speed_of_sound` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · `Strategic_material` · [[Strontium]] · `Sulfide` · [[Sulfur]] · `Sulfur_dioxide` · `Sulfuric_acid` · `Superdiamagnetism` · `Sustainability` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · `Syphilis` · [[Tantalum]] · `Targeted_alpha-particle_therapy` · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · [[Thallium]] · `Thermocouple` · `Thermoelectric_effect` · `Thin-film_interference` · [[Thorium]] · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Topological_insulator` · `Torbern_Bergman` · `Toxicity` · `Trace_radioisotope` · [[Transistor]] · `Trimethylbismuth` · [[Tungsten]] · `Two-dimensional_semiconductor` · `Typesetting` · `Ullmann's_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry` · `United_States_Geological_Survey` · [[Uranium]] · `Van_der_Waals_radius` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor` · `Vapor_pressure` · `Vietnam` · `Vitreous_enamel` · `Water` · `Waterfowl_hunting` · `Wood's_metal` · `World_Health_Organization` · [[Xenon]] · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]] > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 83.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Bismuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | Bi - 83 | | Group - Period - Block | 15 - 6 - p-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 208.98 | | Density (g/cm3) | 9.78 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 544.7 - 1837 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.02 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 0.009 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | German Wismut, via Greek psimuthion, 'white lead' | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Bismuth has been known since ancient times, though it was often confused with lead and tin due to its superficial resemblance to those metals. The German name *Wismut* entered European languages in the 16th century; the element was formally recognized as distinct from lead by Claude-François Geoffroy in 1753. Bismuth occupies an interesting position on the periodic table at the border between stable and radioactive elements—it was long thought to be stable, but in 2003, it was discovered that bismuth-209 is actually slightly radioactive, with an extraordinarily long half-life of roughly 19 exabillion years. [model-prior - verify] Bismuth is a brittle metal with a low melting point and unusual crystalline structure that produces striking iridescent oxides. Its main uses are in alloys (particularly bismuth-based solders and low-melting-point alloys), pharmaceuticals (especially bismuth subsalicylate, a common digestive remedy), and cosmetics. Bismuth-based compounds are also used in catalysis and semiconductor applications. The element is relatively non-toxic compared to its neighbors in the periodic table. In the Elements Canon, bismuth marks the threshold of instability—it is the heaviest element with a stable (or near-stable) isotope, the last point before the valley of stability gives way entirely to radioactivity. This makes it a natural signpost to the radioactive series that follow. ## Corpus connections Bismuth is the last stable (or near-stable) element, marking the boundary between the stable valley and the realm of all-radioactive successors. Its rediscovery as radioactive connects it to decay-chain physics. - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - [Valley of beta stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_beta_stability) - bismuth marks the edge where all heavier elements are radioactive ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Bi, group 15, period 6), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Lead|Lead (82)]] - [[Polonium|Polonium (84)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Bismuth) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*