# Cobalt ## 🧊 Cobalt · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Co&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Cobalt"></iframe> *Cobalt in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Co) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Cobalt plate.svg *Plate 27 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - Lithium-ion batteries - cobalt's role in energy storage - Cobalt blue pigment - historical color chemistry - Duluth Complex - Minnesota's cobalt-nickel deposits ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Cobalt.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `A_Greek–English_Lexicon` · `Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements` · `Acid_rain` · [[Actinium]] · `Adolph_Ferdinand_Gehlen` · `Alfred_Werner` · `Algae` · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · `Alkane` · `Alkene` · `Allergic_contact_dermatitis` · `AllianceBernstein` · [[Alloy]] · `Alnico` · `Alpha_Chi_Sigma` · `Alphabet_Inc.` · [[Aluminium]] · `Aluminothermic_reaction` · `American_Elements` · [[Americium]] · `Anisotropy` · [[Antimony]] · `Apple_Inc.` · `Archaea` · [[Argon]] · `Arsenate` · [[Arsenic]] · `Artisanal_mining` · [[Astatine]] · `Atom` · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · `Australia` · `Bacteria` · [[Barium]] · `Basil_Valentine` · `Benchmark_Mineral_Intelligence` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Beta_decay]] · [[Bismuth]] · `Blaafarveværket` · `Blast_furnace` · `Block_(periodic_table)` · `Bloomberg_News` · `Bohr_magneton` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · `Bredt's_rule` · `Brinell_hardness_test` · `British_Geological_Survey` · [[Bromine]] · `Bronze_Age` · `Brothers_Grimm` · `Bulk_modulus` · `By-product` · `CAS_Registry_Number` · [[Cadmium]] · [[Caesium]] · `Caesium_hexafluorocobaltate(IV)` · [[Calcium]] · [[Californium]] · `Camagüey` · `Cambridge` · `Canada` · `Cancer` · [[Carbon]] · `Carbon_group` · `Carbon_monoxide` · `Carbonate` · `Carbonylation` · `Carboxylate` · `Carcinogen` · `Cardiomyopathy` · `Catalysis` · `Cattierite` · `Central_African_Mining_and_Exploration_Company` · `Ceramic` · `Ceramic_glaze` · [[Cerium]] · `Cerulean` · `Chalcogen` · [[Chemical_element]] · `Chemische_Berichte` · `Child_labour` · `China` · `Chloride` · [[Chlorine]] · `Chloropentamminecobalt_chloride` · [[Chromium]] · `Ciudad_Juárez_cobalt-60_contamination_incident` · `Claude_Lecouteux` · `Close-packing_of_equal_spheres` · `Cobalt(II)_acetate` · `Cobalt(II)_azide` · `Cobalt(II)_bromide` · `Cobalt(II)_carbonate` · `Cobalt(II)_chlorate` · `Cobalt(II)_chloride` · `Cobalt(II)_cyanate` · `Cobalt(II)_cyanide` · `Cobalt(II)_fluoride` · `Cobalt(II)_formate` · `Cobalt(II)_hydride` · `Cobalt(II)_hydroxide` · `Cobalt(II)_iodide` · `Cobalt(II)_nitrate` · `Cobalt(II)_oxalate` · `Cobalt(II)_oxide` · `Cobalt(II)_perchlorate` · `Cobalt(II)_phosphate` · `Cobalt(II)_phosphide` · `Cobalt(II)_selenide` · `Cobalt(II)_stearate` · `Cobalt(II)_sulfate` · `Cobalt(II)_thiocyanate` · `Cobalt(II,III)_oxide` · `Cobalt(III)_chloride` · `Cobalt(III)_fluoride` · `Cobalt(III)_hydroxide` · `Cobalt(III)_nitrate` · `Cobalt(III)_oxide` · `Cobalt,_Ontario` · `Cobalt-60` · `Cobalt_(disambiguation)` · `Cobalt_blue` · `Cobalt_bomb` · `Cobalt_compounds` · `Cobalt_extraction` · `Cobalt_germanide` · `Cobalt_glass` · `Cobalt_green` · `Cobalt_lactate` · `Cobalt_laurate` · `Cobalt_metagermanate` · `Cobalt_monosilicide` · `Cobalt_oxide` · `Cobalt_sulfide` · `Cobalt_tetracarbonyl_hydride` · `Cobalt_tetrafluoride` · `Cobaltite` · `Cobaltocene` · `Coltan` · `Columbia_University` · `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` · [[Copernicium]] · [[Copper]] · `Copperbelt` · `Corrin` · [[Corrosion]] · `Covalent_radius` · [[Crystal_structure]] · `Cuba` · [[Cubic_crystal_system]] · `Curie_temperature` · [[Curium]] · [[Darmstadtium]] · [[Decay_product]] · `Dell` · `Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo` · [[Density]] · `Dental_implant` · `Dicobalt_octacarbonyl` · `Diminutive` · [[Dubnium]] · [[Dysprosium]] · [[Einsteinium]] · `Electric_vehicle` · `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` · `Electrolysis` · `Electron_capture` · `Electron_configuration` · `Electronegativity` · `Electroplating` · `Elmar_Seebold` · `Elsevier` · `Encyclopædia_Britannica` · `Enthalpy_of_fusion` · `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` · `Environmental,_social,_and_governance` · [[Erbium]] · `Erythrite` · `Ethylenediamine` · `European_Union` · [[Europium]] · `External_beam_radiotherapy` · `Fairphone` · [[Fermium]] · `Ferrocene` · `Ferromagnetism` · `First_Congo_War` · `Fischer–Tropsch_process` · `Flame_test` · [[Flerovium]] · [[Fluorine]] · `Food_irradiation` · [[Francium]] · `Franz_Stassen` · `Free_element` · `Friedrich_Kluge` · `Froth_flotation` · [[Gadolinium]] · [[Gallium]] · `Gamma_ray` · `Georg_Brandt` · `Georgius_Agricola` · [[German_language]] · [[Germanium]] · `Glass` · `Glaucodot` · `Glencore` · `Glenn_T._Seaborg` · `Gnome` · `Goblin` · [[Gold]] · `Google` · `Grazing` · `Group_(periodic_table)` · `Group_10_element` · `Group_11_element` · `Group_12_element` · `Group_3_element` · `Group_4_element` · `Group_5_element` · `Group_6_element` · `Group_7_element` · `Group_8_element` · `Group_9_element` · `HSAB_theory` · [[Hafnium]] · [[Half-life]] · `Halogen` · [[Hassium]] · `Heavy_metals` · `Heinrich_Emanuel_Merck` · [[Helium]] · `Herbert_Hoover` · `Hexaamminecobalt(III)_chloride` · `Hip_replacement` · [[Holmium]] · `Hydrodesulfurization` · `Hydroformylation` · [[Hydrogen]] · `Hydrogenation` · `Hydrosilylation` · `Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit` · `Hydroxide` · `IPhone` · [[Indium]] · `Indonesia` · `Industrial_radiography` · `Ink` · `Intercalation_(chemistry)` · `International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer` · `International_Rights_Advocates_v._Apple,_Microsoft,_Dell,_Tesla` · `Investigative_journalism` · [[Iodine]] · [[Ionization_energy]] · [[Iridium]] · [[Iron]] · `Iron-56` · `Isotope` · `Isotopes_of_cobalt` · `Jalopnik` · `James_Murray_(lexicographer)` · `Jet_engine` · `Johann_Beckmann` · `Johannes_Mathesius` · `Joseph_Kabila` · `Katanga_Mining` · `Katanga_Province` · `Kelvin` · `Kobold` · `Kola_Superdeep_Borehole` · [[Krypton]] · `LG_Chem` · [[Lanthanum]] · `Lattice_constant` · [[Lawrencium]] · `Leaching_(metallurgy)` · [[Lead]] · `Ligand` · `Limestone_Coast` · `Linear_particle_accelerator` · `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` · `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` · [[Lithium]] · `Lithium-ion_battery` · `Lithium_cobalt_oxide` · `Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery` · `Lithium_nickel_manganese_cobalt_oxides` · [[Livermorium]] · `Lou_Henry_Hoover` · `Louis_Jacques_Thénard` · `Lucia_Banci` · `Luna_24` · [[Lutetium]] · `METAP2` · `Madagascar` · [[Magnesium]] · `Magnetic_tape` · `Magnetism` · `Magnetite` · [[Manganese]] · `Manitoba` · `Mary_Elvira_Weeks` · `Mayarí` · `Median_lethal_dose` · [[Meitnerium]] · `Melting_point` · [[Mendelevium]] · [[Mercury_(element)]] · `Metabolism` · `Metal` · `Metal_aquo_complex` · `Metalloprotein` · `Meteoric_iron` · `Methyl_group` · `Methylcobalamin` · `Micronutrient` · `Microsoft` · `Mineral` · `Ming_dynasty` · `Mining_industry_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo` · `Moa,_Cuba` · `Molar_heat_capacity` · `Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements` · [[Molybdenum]] · `Moon_rock` · `Morocco` · [[Moscovium]] · `Mössbauer_spectroscopy` · `Native_metal` · `Natural_Resources_Canada` · `Natural_abundance` · [[Neodymium]] · [[Neon]] · [[Neptunium]] · [[Neutron]] · `New_Caledonia` · `Newfoundland_and_Labrador` · [[Nickel]] · `Nickel_arsenide` · `Nickel_mining_in_Indonesia` · `Nickel–cadmium_battery` · [[Nihonium]] · `Ninety_Mile_Desert` · [[Niobium]] · `Nitrile` · `Nitrile_hydratase` · `Nitrite` · [[Nitrogen]] · [[Nobelium]] · [[Noble_gas]] · `Norman_Greenwood` · `North_Island_Volcanic_Plateau` · `Nuclear_explosion` · `Nuclear_fallout` · [[Nuclear_magnetic_resonance]] · `Nuclear_quadrupole_resonance` · `Nuclear_weapon_design` · `OECD` · [[Oganesson]] · `Ontario` · `Optical_resolution` · `Organocobalt_chemistry` · [[Osmium]] · `Oxford_English_Dictionary` · `Oxford_University_Press` · `Oxidation_state` · `Oxide` · [[Oxygen]] · `Paint` · [[Palladium]] · `Papua_New_Guinea` · `Paracelsus` · `Parity_(physics)` · `Passivation_(chemistry)` · `Pasteurization` · `Paul_F._Kerr` · `Paul_Kretschmer` · `Pearson_symbol` · `Percobaltate` · `Period_(periodic_table)` · `Period_1_element` · `Period_2_element` · `Period_3_element` · `Period_4_element` · `Period_5_element` · `Period_6_element` · `Period_7_element` · `Periodic_table` · `Permeability_(electromagnetism)` · `Peter_Wothers` · `Petroleum` · `Phase_(matter)` · `Philip_Ball` · `Philippines` · [[Phosphorus]] · `Picometre` · `Pinar_del_Río` · [[Platinum]] · [[Plutonium]] · `Pnictogen` · `Poisson's_ratio` · [[Polonium]] · `Polyethylene_terephthalate` · `Pompeii` · `Porcelain` · [[Potassium]] · `Potassium_carbonate` · [[Praseodymium]] · `Primordial_nuclide` · `Production_(economics)` · [[Promethium]] · `Prosthesis` · [[Protactinium]] · `Pyrite` · `Quartz` · `Quebec` · `R-process` · `Radiation_protection` · [[Radioactive_decay]] · `Radioactive_tracer` · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · `Roasting_(metallurgy)` · [[Roentgenium]] · `Royal_Society_of_Chemistry` · [[Rubidium]] · `Rudolf_Hildebrand` · `Ruma_Banerjee` · `Rumen` · `Ruminant` · `Russia` · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · `Safflorite` · [[Samarium]] · `Samarium–cobalt_magnet` · `Saudi_Arabia` · `Saxony` · [[Scandium]] · `Schilling_test` · [[Seaborgium]] · `Second_Congo_War` · `Seeking_Alpha` · [[Selenium]] · `Shaba_II` · `Shear_modulus` · `Sherritt_International` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · `Skutterudite` · `Slag` · `Smaltite` · `Smelting` · [[Sodium]] · `Sodium_cobalt_oxide` · `Solid` · `Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance` · `Sono_Motors_Sion` · `South_Australia` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Spectrochemical_series` · `Speed_of_sound` · `Spherocobaltite` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · `Stellite` · [[Strontium]] · `Structural_analog` · `Succinyl-CoA` · [[Sulfur]] · `Sulfuric_acid` · `Superalloy` · `Supply_chain` · `Surfactant` · `Sven_Rinman` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · `Tang_dynasty` · [[Tantalum]] · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · `Temperature` · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · `Terephthalic_acid` · `Tesla,_Inc.` · `Tesla_Model_3` · `Tetrakis(1-norbornyl)cobalt(IV)` · [[Thallium]] · `The_Korea_Times` · `The_Washington_Post` · `Thermal_expansion` · [[Thorium]] · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Tobacco_smoking` · `Trace_radioisotope` · `Triphenylphosphine` · [[Tungsten]] · `Tungsten_carbide` · `Turkey` · `Ultramafic_rock` · `Ultratrace_element` · `Uluburun_shipwreck` · `United_Kingdom` · `United_States` · `United_States_Geological_Survey` · [[Uranium]] · `Vaesite` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor_pressure` · `Varnish` · `Vickers_hardness_test` · `Vitallium` · `Vitamin` · `Vitamin_B12` · `Vitreous_enamel` · `Walter_William_Skeat` · `Wear_and_tear` · `Weathering` · `X-ray_fluorescence` · [[Xenon]] · `Xylene` · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · `Zambia` · [[Zinc]] · `Zinc_oxide` · [[Zirconium]] > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 27.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Cobalt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | Co - 27 | | Group - Period - Block | 9 - 4 - d-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 58.933 | | Density (g/cm3) | 8.90 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 1768 - 3200 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.88 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 25 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | German Kobold, 'goblin' | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Cobalt has been used in colored glass and pottery for thousands of years—Persian blue ceramics from the 12th century contain cobalt oxide—but the element itself was not identified until 1735 by Swedish chemist Georg Brandt, who isolated the metal from cobalt ores known as "cobaltite." The name cobalt comes from the German word "Kobold" (goblin), because miners believed that the ore was bewitched—it was toxic to handle and produced no usable metal using traditional smelting [model-prior - verify]. Brandt's isolation marked the discovery of the element, though widespread industrial use did not begin until the 20th century. Cobalt is a hard, lustrous, silver-white transition metal that is naturally ferromagnetic (permanently magnetic without external field stimulation) [model-prior - verify]. It occurs in nature primarily as part of other minerals, particularly in the Duluth Complex of Minnesota alongside nickel, and in arsenide ores (skutterudite, smaltite) in other regions [model-prior - verify]. The element's primary uses today are in lithium-ion batteries (roughly 40 percent of production), high-strength alloys (superalloys for jet engines), catalysts, and pigments [model-prior - verify]. Cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope, is widely used in medical cancer treatment [model-prior - verify]. In the corpus, cobalt stands alongside nickel as a critical by-product of the Duluth Complex Cu-Ni mining district. The Pulsar Helium Topaz well—an accidental strike into this deposit while drilling for copper-nickel resources—revealed both the economic potential and the geological abundance of these transition metals in Minnesota. Cobalt's ferromagnetism also connects it to the deep Earth and planetary magnetic fields, themes explored in the Space Mining and Hydrodynamics curricula. ## Corpus connections - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - Space Mining in Minnesota - cobalt's occurrence in the Duluth Complex and battery chemistry - Helium Portal - cobalt and nickel as by-products of the Pulsar Helium discovery ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Co, group 9, period 4), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Iron|Iron (26)]] - [[Nickel|Nickel (28)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Cobalt) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*