Digital_image_processing

# Digital image processing  ## Microsims — p5.js ### Digital image processing (p5.js) · `f(x,y)` <div class="microsim-player"> <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/81zCJydtJ" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" title="Digital image processing — p5.js microsim"></iframe> </div> *Operating on images as 2-D signals — enhancing, restoring, and analyzing pixels.* **Open in the editor:** [▶ fork this sketch](https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/81zCJydtJ) · movement *VIII · Imaging, audio & sensors* · library `p5js` ### Related microsims Live sims on neighbouring articles — 6 of them inside this article's own Wikipedia link tree: - [[Convolution]] *(in tree)* - [[Detection_theory]] *(in tree)* - [[Digital_signal_processing]] *(in tree)* - [[Discrete_cosine_transform]] *(in tree)* - [[Discrete_time_and_continuous_time]] *(in tree)* - [[Distortion]] *(in tree)* *Sim hosted off-article; the article owns the reference, not the runtime (WIKI_RULES §10.4). Placed by `g08_place_microsims.py`.*  ## Links (Wikipedia order)  `2D_to_3D_conversion` · `3D_object_recognition` · `3D_pose_estimation` · `3D_reconstruction` · `3D_reconstruction_from_multiple_images` · `4D_reconstruction` · `6_μm_process` · `Active-pixel_sensor` · `Activity_recognition` · `Advanced_z-transform` · [[Algorithm]] · `Aliasing` · `Analog_image_processing` · `Anisotropic_diffusion` · `Anti-aliasing_filter` · `Artificial_brain` · [[Artificial_intelligence]] · `Artificial_intelligence_for_video_surveillance` · `Attention` · `Audio-visual_speech_recognition` · `Audio_signal_processing` · [[Augmented_reality]] · `Automated_species_identification` · `Automatic_image_annotation` · `Automatic_number-plate_recognition` · `BBC_News` · `BT_Group` · `Behavior_informatics` · `Bilinear_transform` · `Bin_picking` · `Bio-inspired_computing` · `Bioimage_informatics` · `Blob_detection` · `Bounded_variation` · `Brain–computer_interface` · `CMOS` · `CVIPtools` · `Charge-coupled_device` · `Chroma_key` · `Circuit_(computer_science)` · `Closing_(morphology)` · `Color_correction` · `Communication` · `Computational_biology` · `Computational_neuroscience` · `Computational_theory_of_mind` · `Computer-aided_diagnosis` · `Computer_History_Museum` · `Computer_graphics` · `Computer_stereo_vision` · `Computer_vision` · `Constant-Q_transform` · `Content-based_image_retrieval` · [[Convolution]] · `DICOM` · `Data_processing` · [[Decision-making]] · [[Decision_theory]] · `Decoding_the_Universe` · [[Detection_theory]] · `Digital_Signal_Processing_(journal)` · `Digital_geometry` · `Digital_image` · `Digital_imaging` · `Digital_photograph_restoration` · [[Digital_signal_processing]] · `Digital_signal_processor` · `Dilation_(morphology)` · `Discrete-time_Fourier_transform` · `Discrete_Fourier_transform` · [[Discrete_cosine_transform]] · `Discrete_mathematics` · [[Discrete_time_and_continuous_time]] · [[Distortion]] · `Downsampling_(signal_processing)` · `EDN_(magazine)` · `Edge_detection` · `Eric_Fossum` · `Erosion_(morphology)` · [[Estimation_theory]] · `Eye_tracking` · `Face_detection` · `Facial_recognition_system` · [[Fast_Fourier_transform]] · `Foreground_detection` · `Fourier_transform` · `Free_boundary_condition` · `Free_viewpoint_television` · `Gaussian_splatting` · `Genome_informatics` · `George_E._Smith` · `Gesture_recognition` · `Hackaday` · `Hidden_Markov_model` · `High-definition_television` · `Histogram_equalization` · `Homogeneous_coordinates` · `Homomorphic_filtering` · `HowStuffWorks` · `Human–computer_interaction` · `IEEE_Spectrum` · `Image_analysis` · [[Image_compression]] · `Image_editing` · `Image_file_format` · `Image_restoration_by_artificial_intelligence` · `Image_sensor` · `Impulse_invariance` · `Independent_component_analysis` · `Inforg` · `Information_overload` · `Information_processing_theory` · `Information_structure` · `Information_technology` · [[Information_theory]] · `Infosphere` · `Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers` · [[Integral_transform]] · `Integrated_circuit` · `IntelliMouse` · `Intelligence` · `Internet` · `JPEG` · `JPEG_2000` · `JPIP` · `Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory` · `Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group` · `Kernel_(image_processing)` · `Landmark_detection` · [[Laplace_transform]] · `Larry_Yaeger` · `Learning` · [[Least-squares_spectral_analysis]] · `Linear_filter` · `List_of_semiconductor_scale_examples` · `Lossy_compression` · `Luminance` · `Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology` · `Matched_Z-transform_method` · `Mathematical_morphology` · `Medical_image_computing` · `Medical_imaging` · `Medical_physics` · `Mind` · `Mind_uploading` · `Motion_capture` · `Motion_compensation` · `Motion_estimation` · `Moving_object_detection` · [[Multi-agent_system]] · `Multidimensional_system` · `Multiplexing` · `NASA` · `NMOS_logic` · `Natural_computing` · `Neural_computation` · `Neural_radiance_field` · `Neuroinformatics` · `Noise_(signal_processing)` · `Nyquist_frequency` · `Nyquist_rate` · [[Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem]] · `Object_detection` · `Olympus_Corporation` · `Opening_(morphology)` · `Optical_character_recognition` · `Optical_mouse` · `Outline_of_object_recognition` · `Oversampling` · `Pattern_recognition` · `Pedestrian_detection` · `Perception` · `Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence` · `Philosophy_of_information` · `Physical_computing` · `Pixelation` · `Process_(computing)` · `Processor_(computing)` · `Projection_(mathematics)` · [[Quantization_(signal_processing)]] · `Radiomics` · `Reason` · `Reflection_(mathematics)` · `Relaxation_labelling` · `Remote_control` · `Remote_sensing` · `Remote_sensing_software` · `Reverse_image_search` · `Richard_F._Lyon` · `Robotic_mapping` · [[Sampling_(signal_processing)]] · `Satellite_imagery` · `Scale_(ratio)` · `Self-driving_car` · `Self-organizing_map` · `Semiconductor` · [[Semiconductor_device_fabrication]] · `Semiotics` · `Shape_from_focus` · [[Signal]] · [[Signal_processing]] · `Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping` · `Small_object_detection` · `Smoothing` · `Social_influence` · `Social_information_processing` · `Speech_processing` · `Springer_Science+Business_Media` · `Standard_test_image` · `Starred_transform` · `State_(computer_science)` · `Statistical_classification` · [[Stream_processing]] · `Structure_from_motion` · `Structuring_element` · [[Systems_biology]] · [[Systems_theory]] · `Television_standards_conversion` · `The_Atlantic` · `Theory_of_computation` · `Total_variation_denoising` · `Ubiquitous_computing` · `Undersampling` · `Upsampling` · `Video_browsing` · `Video_content_analysis` · `Video_motion_analysis` · `Video_synopsis` · `Video_tracking` · `View_synthesis` · [[Virtual_reality]] · `Virtual_world` · `Visual_hull` · `Volumetric_capture` · `Wavelet` · [[Wayback_Machine]] · `Westworld_(film)` · `Wiley_(publisher)` · `Wirephoto` · `Xerox` · `YIQ` · [[Z-transform]] · `Zak_transform` > Signal Processing concept · part of the Signal Processing Portal · movement VIII · !72 視覚 shikaku.svg  !480 *Rendered from the live microsim (▶ motion).*  ## See it next [![Convolution|200](Convolution_thumb.png)](Convolution) *→ [[Convolution|Convolution]]*  --- Back to Signal Processing Portal · the room · Semiotic gateway ## What it is Digital image processing is the use of algorithms to manipulate and analyze images represented as two-dimensional arrays of sampled pixels, treating an image as a spatial signal $f(x, y)$ rather than a signal in time. ## How it works / why it matters It extends one-dimensional signal-processing tools to 2-D: neighborhood operations such as blurring, sharpening, and edge detection are performed by **2-D convolution** of the image with a small kernel, while global analysis and compression exploit frequency-domain transforms like the 2-D DFT and the discrete cosine transform. Core tasks include enhancement (contrast, denoising), restoration (deblurring), geometric transformation, segmentation, and feature extraction; a **linear, shift-invariant** filter is fully characterized by its point-spread function, the image-domain analog of an impulse response. These techniques power medical imaging, satellite remote sensing, photography, machine vision, and the front ends of modern computer-vision systems. ## Signs & universals Instantiates: signal · transformation · frequency — a spatial signal reshaped by transforms and frequency-domain operations. ## Related Its spatial filters are implemented as 2-D [[Convolution]] and realized as a two-dimensional Digital filter; frequency-domain analysis and compression rely on the Discrete Fourier transform. Being a shift-invariant system, its filtering obeys the same theory as the [[Linear_time-invariant_system]].   *Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*  ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Digital_image_processing) ## Previous hub tags Tree parent: [[Dynamical_system]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*