# Europium ## 🧊 Europium · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Eu&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Europium"></iframe> *Europium in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Eu) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Europium plate.svg *Plate 63 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - Phosphor - europium-activated phosphors in displays - Cathode-ray tube - color television red-light generation - Luminescence - excited-state electron transitions - Light-emitting diode - red LEDs and europium doping ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Europium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` · `Accretion_(astrophysics)` · `Acetylacetone` · [[Actinium]] · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · [[Antimony]] · [[Argon]] · [[Arsenic]] · [[Astatine]] · `Astrophysics` · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · [[Barium]] · `Barium_sulfate` · `Bastnäsite` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Beta_decay]] · `Beta_particle` · [[Bismuth]] · `Block_(periodic_table)` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · [[Bromine]] · `Bulk_modulus` · `CAS_Registry_Number` · [[Cadmium]] · [[Caesium]] · `Caesium-137` · [[Calcium]] · [[Californium]] · [[Carbon]] · `Carbon_group` · [[Cerium]] · `Chalcogen` · [[Chemical_element]] · `Chemist` · `Chirality_(chemistry)` · [[Chlorine]] · `Chondrite` · [[Chromium]] · [[Cobalt]] · `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` · `Coordination_number` · [[Copernicium]] · [[Copper]] · `Covalent_radius` · [[Crystal_structure]] · [[Cubic_crystal_system]] · [[Curium]] · [[Darmstadtium]] · `Decay_energy` · [[Decay_product]] · [[Density]] · `Dopant` · [[Dubnium]] · [[Dysprosium]] · [[Einsteinium]] · `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` · `Electron_capture` · `Electron_configuration` · `Electronegativity` · `Enantiomer` · `Enthalpy_of_fusion` · `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` · [[Erbium]] · `Eu(hfc)3` · `EuFOD` · `Eugène-Anatole_Demarçay` · `Euro` · `Europe` · `Europium(II)_bromide` · `Europium(II)_chloride` · `Europium(II)_fluoride` · `Europium(II)_hydroxide` · `Europium(II)_iodide` · `Europium(II)_oxide` · `Europium(II)_sulfate` · `Europium(II)_sulfide` · `Europium(II)_telluride` · `Europium(II)_titanate` · `Europium(III)_acetate` · `Europium(III)_arsenate` · `Europium(III)_bromide` · `Europium(III)_carbonate` · `Europium(III)_chloride` · `Europium(III)_chromate` · `Europium(III)_fluoride` · `Europium(III)_hydroxide` · `Europium(III)_iodate` · `Europium(III)_iodide` · `Europium(III)_nitrate` · `Europium(III)_oxalate` · `Europium(III)_oxide` · `Europium(III)_phosphate` · `Europium(III)_phosphide` · `Europium(III)_selenide` · `Europium(III)_sulfate` · `Europium(III)_telluride` · `Europium_acetylacetonate` · `Europium_anomaly` · `Europium_barium_titanate` · `Europium_compounds` · `Europium_disilicide` · `Europium_hydride` · `Europium_monoselenide` · [[Fermium]] · `Fission_product_yield` · [[Flerovium]] · `Fluorescence` · [[Fluorine]] · `Fluorite` · `Fluorocarbonate` · `France` · [[Francium]] · `GHS_hazard_pictograms` · `GHS_hazard_statements` · `GHS_precautionary_statements` · [[Gadolinium]] · [[Gallium]] · `Gamma_ray` · `Geochemistry` · [[Germanium]] · `Glass` · `Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals` · [[Gold]] · `Group_(periodic_table)` · `Group_10_element` · `Group_11_element` · `Group_12_element` · `Group_3_element` · `Group_4_element` · `Group_5_element` · `Group_6_element` · `Group_7_element` · `Group_8_element` · `Group_9_element` · [[Hafnium]] · [[Half-life]] · `Halogen` · [[Hassium]] · `Heavy_metals` · [[Helium]] · [[Holmium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · `Immunoassay` · [[Indium]] · `Inner_Mongolia` · [[Iodine]] · [[Ionization_energy]] · [[Iridium]] · [[Iron]] · `Isotope` · `Isotopes_of_europium` · `Isotopes_of_gadolinium` · `Isotopes_of_samarium` · `Kelvin` · [[Krypton]] · `Krypton-85` · `LAMOST_J112456.61+453531.3` · `Lanthanide` · [[Lanthanum]] · `Laser` · `Lattice_constant` · `Lava` · [[Lawrencium]] · [[Lead]] · `Ligand` · `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` · `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` · [[Lithium]] · `Lithos_(journal)` · [[Livermorium]] · `Loparite-(Ce)` · [[Lutetium]] · `Magma` · [[Magnesium]] · `Magnetic_susceptibility` · `Magnetism` · [[Manganese]] · `Mary_Elvira_Weeks` · [[Meitnerium]] · `Melting_point` · [[Mendelevium]] · [[Mercury_(element)]] · `Molar_heat_capacity` · [[Molybdenum]] · `Monazite` · [[Moscovium]] · `NFPA_704` · `Natural_abundance` · `Nature_(journal)` · [[Neodymium]] · [[Neon]] · [[Neptunium]] · `Neutrino` · `Neutron_activation` · `Neutron_capture` · `Neutron_poison` · [[Nickel]] · [[Nihonium]] · [[Niobium]] · `Nitride` · [[Nitrogen]] · [[Nobelium]] · [[Noble_gas]] · `Norman_Greenwood` · [[Nuclear_magnetic_resonance]] · `Nuclide` · [[Oganesson]] · `Organolanthanide_chemistry` · [[Osmium]] · `Oxidation_state` · `Oxide` · [[Oxygen]] · [[Palladium]] · `Pearson_symbol` · `Period_(periodic_table)` · `Period_1_element` · `Period_2_element` · `Period_3_element` · `Period_4_element` · `Period_5_element` · `Period_6_element` · `Period_7_element` · `Periodic_table` · `Petrology` · `Phase_(matter)` · `Phosphor` · `Phosphorescence` · [[Phosphorus]] · `Picometre` · [[Platinum]] · [[Plutonium]] · `Plutonium-239` · `Pnictogen` · `Poisson's_ratio` · [[Polonium]] · [[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Primordial_nuclide` · [[Promethium]] · [[Protactinium]] · [[Radioactive_decay]] · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · `Redox` · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · [[Roentgenium]] · [[Rubidium]] · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · [[Samarium]] · [[Scandium]] · [[Seaborgium]] · [[Selenium]] · `Shear_modulus` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · [[Sodium]] · `Solid` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Spectroscopy` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · `Stellar_classification` · [[Strontium]] · `Strontium-90` · `Strontium_aluminate` · `Sulfate` · [[Sulfur]] · `Sulfuric_acid` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · [[Tantalum]] · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · [[Thallium]] · [[Thorium]] · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Toxicology_and_Applied_Pharmacology` · [[Tungsten]] · `Ullmann's_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry` · [[Uranium]] · `Uranium-235` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor_pressure` · `Vickers_hardness_test` · `Virgínia_Ciminelli` · [[Wayback_Machine]] · `Weardale` · `William_Crookes` · [[Xenon]] · `Xenotime` · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · `Yttrium-90` · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]] > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 63.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Europium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | Eu - 63 | | Group - Period - Block | f - 6 - f-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 151.96 | | Density (g/cm3) | 5.244 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 1099 - 1802 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.2 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 2 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | Europe | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Europium was discovered in 1896 by Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac as a new rare-earth element embedded in samarium-rich ores [model-prior - verify]. It is named for Europe and stands as one of the least abundant rare earths in Earth's crust, with a crustal abundance of only 2 mg/kg. Like its lanthanide cousins, europium was extraordinarily difficult to isolate in pure form; practical industrial quantities weren't reliably available until the mid-20th century. The element is notable for its intense luminescence. Europium ions emit vivid red light when activated by ultraviolet radiation or electron bombardment, making europium a cornerstone of phosphor technology. For decades, europium-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO₄:Eu) and europium-doped yttrium oxide phosphors were the primary red-light source in cathode-ray television tubes, and europium remains crucial in fluorescent lamps and red LEDs [model-prior - verify]. The element's optical properties derive from a unique electron configuration that favors excited-state emissions in the visible spectrum. Europium's role in display and lighting technology ties it to the corpus's interest in human-machine interfaces and sensory technologies. Its rarity and indispensability in color reproduction underscore the geopolitical stakes of rare-earth supply chains. ## Corpus connections - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - Space Mining In Minnesota - rare-earth supply and demand - History of Mining in Minnesota - critical materials for display technology ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Eu, group f, period 6), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Samarium|Samarium (62)]] - [[Gadolinium|Gadolinium (64)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Europium) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*