# Indium ## 🧊 Indium · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=In&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Indium"></iframe> *Indium in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=In) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Indium plate.svg *Plate 49 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - Indium tin oxide - transparent conductive coating - Flat-panel display - LCD and touchscreen technology - Indium phosphide - semiconductor optoelectronics - Sphalerite - zinc blende ore source ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Indium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `Aaldert_Wapstra` · `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` · [[Actinium]] · `Aircraft` · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · `Alloy-junction_transistor` · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Anisotropy` · [[Antimony]] · [[Argon]] · [[Arsenic]] · `Arsenopyrite` · [[Astatine]] · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · [[Barium]] · `Bearing_(mechanical)` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Beta_decay]] · `Biological_half-life` · `Bipolar_junction_transistor` · [[Bismuth]] · `Block_(periodic_table)` · `Blue` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · `Bone` · `Boride` · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · `Brinell_hardness_test` · [[Bromine]] · `By-product` · `CAS_Registry_Number` · `CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics` · `CRC_Press` · [[Cadmium]] · [[Caesium]] · [[Calcium]] · [[Californium]] · `Carbide` · [[Carbon]] · `Carbon_group` · [[Cerium]] · `Chalcogen` · `Chalcopyrite` · [[Chemical_element]] · [[Chlorine]] · [[Chromium]] · [[Cobalt]] · `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` · `Control_rod` · [[Copernicium]] · [[Copper]] · `Copper_indium_gallium_selenide` · [[Corrosion]] · `Covalent_radius` · `Cryogenic_seal` · [[Cryogenics]] · [[Crystal_structure]] · `Crystal_twinning` · [[Curium]] · `Cyclopentadienyl_complex` · `Cyclopentadienylindium(I)` · [[Darmstadtium]] · [[Decay_product]] · `Delocalized_electron` · [[Density]] · `Dopant` · [[Dubnium]] · [[Dysprosium]] · [[Einsteinium]] · `Electrical_conductor` · `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` · `Electrolysis` · `Electron_capture` · `Electron_configuration` · `Electronegativity` · [[Electronics]] · `Enthalpy_of_fusion` · `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` · [[Erbium]] · `Ether` · [[Europium]] · `Exposition_Universelle_(1867)` · `Ferdinand_Reich` · [[Fermium]] · `Fire_sprinkler_system` · `Flat-panel_display` · [[Flerovium]] · [[Fluorine]] · [[Francium]] · `Fusible_alloy` · `GHS_hazard_pictograms` · `GHS_hazard_statements` · `GHS_precautionary_statements` · [[Gadolinium]] · `Galena` · `Galinstan` · [[Gallium]] · `Gasket` · [[Germanium]] · `Glass` · `Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals` · [[Gold]] · `Group_(periodic_table)` · `Group_10_element` · `Group_11_element` · `Group_12_element` · `Group_3_element` · `Group_4_element` · `Group_5_element` · `Group_6_element` · `Group_7_element` · `Group_8_element` · `Group_9_element` · `Growth_hormone` · [[Hafnium]] · [[Half-life]] · `Halogen` · [[Hassium]] · [[Helium]] · `Hieronymous_Theodor_Richter` · [[Holmium]] · `Homologous_series` · `Hydrochloric_acid` · [[Hydrogen]] · `India` · `Indigo` · `Indigo_dye` · `Indium(I)_bromide` · `Indium(I)_chloride` · `Indium(I)_iodide` · `Indium(II)_chloride` · `Indium(II)_selenide` · `Indium(III)_bromide` · `Indium(III)_chloride` · `Indium(III)_fluoride` · `Indium(III)_iodide` · `Indium(III)_oxide` · `Indium(III)_selenide` · `Indium(III)_sulfide` · `Indium(III)_telluride` · `Indium_acetate` · `Indium_antimonide` · `Indium_arsenide` · `Indium_gallium_nitride` · `Indium_nitride` · `Indium_phosphide` · `Indium_tin_oxide` · `Indium_trihydride` · [[Iodine]] · [[Ionization_energy]] · [[Iridium]] · [[Iron]] · `Isotope` · `Isotopes_of_indium` · `Kelvin` · [[Krypton]] · [[Lanthanum]] · `Latin` · `Lattice_constant` · [[Lawrencium]] · [[Lead]] · `Light-emitting_diode` · `Liquid-crystal_display` · `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` · `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` · [[Lithium]] · [[Livermorium]] · `Lustre_(mineralogy)` · [[Lutetium]] · [[Magnesium]] · `Magnetic_susceptibility` · `Magnetism` · [[Manganese]] · `Mary_Elvira_Weeks` · `Mass_number` · [[Meitnerium]] · `Melting_point` · [[Mendelevium]] · [[Mercury_(element)]] · [[Microwave_engineering]] · `Molar_heat_capacity` · [[Molybdenum]] · [[Moscovium]] · `Muscle` · `NFPA_704` · `Natural_abundance` · [[Neodymium]] · [[Neon]] · [[Neptunium]] · [[Nickel]] · [[Nihonium]] · [[Niobium]] · [[Nitrogen]] · [[Nobelium]] · [[Noble_gas]] · `Norman_Greenwood` · `Nuclear_medicine` · `Octreotide` · [[Oganesson]] · `Oregon_State_University` · [[Osmium]] · `Oxidation_state` · `Oxidizing_agent` · [[Oxygen]] · `P-nuclei` · [[Palladium]] · `Pearson_symbol` · `Pergamon_Press` · `Period_(periodic_table)` · `Period_1_element` · `Period_2_element` · `Period_3_element` · `Period_4_element` · `Period_5_element` · `Period_6_element` · `Period_7_element` · `Periodic_table` · `Phase_(matter)` · [[Phosphorus]] · `Photovoltaics` · `Picometre` · `Pigment` · [[Platinum]] · [[Plutonium]] · `Pnictogen` · [[Polonium]] · [[Positron_emission]] · `Post-transition_metal` · [[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Primordial_nuclide` · [[Promethium]] · [[Protactinium]] · `Pyrite` · `R-process` · [[Radioactive_decay]] · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · `Reducing_agent` · `Relativistic_quantum_chemistry` · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · [[Roentgenium]] · [[Rubidium]] · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · `S-process` · [[Samarium]] · [[Scandium]] · [[Seaborgium]] · `Selection_rule` · [[Selenium]] · `Semiconductor` · `Semiconductor_industry` · `Silicide` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · `Skin` · [[Sodium]] · `Sodium-vapor_lamp` · `Solar_mass` · `Solder` · `Solid` · `Space_group` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Speed_of_sound` · `Sphalerite` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · [[Strontium]] · `Sulfide_mineral` · [[Sulfur]] · `Surface_tension` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · `TFT_LCD` · [[Tantalum]] · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · `Tetragonal_crystal_system` · [[Thallium]] · `Thermometer` · `Thin-film_solar_cell` · [[Thorium]] · `Thorium-232` · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Triple_point` · [[Tungsten]] · `Ultra-high_vacuum` · [[Uranium]] · `Valence_(chemistry)` · `Van_der_Waals_radius` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor_pressure` · `Violet_(color)` · `Viscoplasticity` · `Waveguide` · [[Wayback_Machine]] · `Wetting` · `World_War_II` · [[Xenon]] · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · [[Zinc]] · `Zinc_chloride` · `Zinc_smelting` · [[Zirconium]] > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 49.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Indium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | In - 49 | | Group - Period - Block | 13 - 5 - p-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 114.82 | | Density (g/cm3) | 7.31 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 429.75 - 2345 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.78 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 0.25 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | indigo, the blue of its spectral line | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Indium was discovered in 1863 by German physicists Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter while analyzing sphalerite ore. It was named for the indigo color of its spectral lines. Indium is relatively scarce (0.25 mg/kg) and is obtained as a byproduct of zinc, lead, and copper smelting. Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal with low melting point (430 K). Its primary modern use is in indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conducting coating essential for flat-panel displays (LCDs, OLEDs), touchscreens, and solar cells. [model-prior - verify] Indium also forms semiconductor compounds (InP, InSb) used in high-speed electronics and optoelectronics. Indium is toxic if ingested but relatively safe in solid form. [model-prior - verify] The corpus engages indium through modern materials science—the invisible conductor behind electronic displays and the bridge from traditional semiconductors to transparent electronics. ## Corpus connections - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - Solar System Mining Surveys - indium-tin oxide in space-based electronics ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (In, group 13, period 5), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Cadmium|Cadmium (48)]] - [[Tin|Tin (50)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Indium) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*