# Integrated circuit > [[PORTAL_Graph_theory|Graph theory]] spine. ## Microsims — three.js <div class="microsim-player"> <iframe src="https://wikitube-3d-microsims.netlify.app/Integrated_circuit_microsim.html" width="100%" height="520" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" title="Integrated circuit — three.js microsim"></iframe> </div> <p class="wt-pending"><strong>Note:</strong> staged, awaiting CDN deploy.</p> An integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits — transistors, resistors, capacitors, and the wiring between them — fabricated together on a single small piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Integrated circuits range from simple logic chips to microprocessors containing billions of transistors, and their invention in the late 1950s made the miniaturised, mass-producible electronics underlying nearly all modern computing possible. ## Overview An integrated circuit's own wiring diagram is a graph — components as nodes, connections as edges — and circuit-design software relies directly on [[Graph_theory|graph-theoretic]] algorithms for tasks like routing (finding non-crossing paths between components across a limited number of physical layers, closely related to the planarity questions studied through a graph's [[Genus_(mathematics)|genus]]) and verifying that a proposed layout is electrically equivalent to the intended circuit. **On the spine:** [[Graph_theory]] · [[Genus_(mathematics)]] · [[Physics]]. ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Integrated_circuit) --- *Repopulated 2026-08-05 · existing three.js asset renamed + wired, Wikipedia-sourced overview · 0 deletions.*