Noble_gas - Wikiparency

# Noble gas  ## Microsims — three.js ### Noble gas (three.js) <div class="microsim-player"> <iframe src="https://wikitube-3d-microsims.netlify.app/Noble_gas.html" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" title="Noble gas — three.js microsim"></iframe> </div> **Open it full-screen:** [Noble_gas.html](https://wikitube-3d-microsims.netlify.app/Noble_gas.html) · library `threejs` · route `microsim/threejs/` ### Related microsims Live sims on neighbouring articles — 3 of them inside this article's own Wikipedia link tree: - [[Half-life]] *(in tree)* - [[Lifting_gas]] *(in tree)* - [[Nuclear_magnetic_resonance]] *(in tree)* - [[Alpha_particle]] *Sim hosted off-article; the article owns the reference, not the runtime (WIKI_RULES §10.4). Placed by `g08_place_microsims.py`.*  ## Microsim ### Live player <div class="microsim-player"> <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/3zZMw0yrq" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> </div> <div class="microsim-fallback"> <img src="Microsims/thumbs/Noble_gas.png" alt="Noble_gas microsim poster" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #4445;border-radius:6px;"> <p><em>Live microsim (desktop) · <a href="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/3zZMw0yrq">open sketch in the p5.js editor</a></em></p> </div> **Editor URL:** https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/3zZMw0yrq **Description (100 words):** This sketch plots six physical properties of the seven group-18 elements against atomic number. A dropdown picks the property (first [[Ionization_energy|ionization energy]], [[Boiling_point|boiling point]], melting point, covalent radius, atomic polarizability, or atmospheric abundance on a log scale); a slider picks one element to highlight. The left panel lists Helium through Oganesson with discharge-tube tints, ringed in yellow when selected. The central chart fills bars from cool blue to warm orange by value, marks the selected element with a yellow outline, and prints its exact number. A bottom-left dossier shows every property of the highlighted element, with the active property echoed in yellow. The closed-shell rule sits at the bottom-right. ```js // ===================================================================== // Noble_gas.js -- Wikitube microsim // Article: Noble_gas en.wikitube.io/wiki/Noble_gas // Room: Helium Pattern: D (parametric property curves) // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Idea: an interactive group-18 property explorer. The reader picks one // of six physical properties (first ionization energy, boiling point, // melting point, covalent radius, atomic polarizability, atmospheric // abundance) and watches it plotted across the seven members of the // noble-gas group as a function of atomic number Z. A side panel lists // every element in a discharge-tube column (He through Og), and the // element slider highlights one row -- the chart marks that element // with a yellow ring and the bottom-left readout fills with its full // property dossier. // // The closed-shell electron configuration that defines group 18 is // written at the bottom-right of the canvas in ASCII: // // shell rule: He = 1s^2 ; Ne..Rn = [prev] n s^2 n p^6 // // That single rule is the physical origin of every trend the reader // sees: ionization energy DECREASES down the column (outer electrons // sit at larger n, less bound), boiling and melting points INCREASE // (heavier atoms have stronger London dispersion forces, set by atomic // polarizability), atomic radius and polarizability INCREASE, and // atmospheric abundance is dominated by argon (the K-capture daughter // of K-40 has poured into the atmosphere for 4.5 Gyr). // // Key landmark numbers shown: // * helium boiling point: 4.222 K (lowest of any element) // * argon atmospheric abundance: 0.934 % (by volume, dry air) // * helium first ionization energy: 2372 kJ/mol (highest of any element) // * xenon polarizability: 4.04 A^3 (large enough for Bartlett 1962) // // Visual layout (720 x 520 canvas): // * top-left: HUD title + en.wikitube.io/wiki/Noble_gas subtitle // * top-right: property selector label + current property name // * left panel: vertical noble-gas column (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og) // each row tinted with its discharge-tube color, // highlighted row matches the slider value // * center: log-or-linear bar chart of the selected property // vs atomic number (Z = 2, 10, 18, 36, 54, 86, 118) // selected element drawn with yellow ring // * bottom: property dropdown + element slider, dossier readout // for the selected element to the right of the controls // * bottom-right: ASCII closed-shell equation // // Pattern D (Energy room, P5_JS_EDITOR section 4) -- parametric curve // in (state-variable) space, here Z vs property, with a slider that // drives a state cursor over the seven discrete elements. // // Conventions (Wikitube Betterfire Standard v0): // * single ARTICLE constant at the top, single quotes // * p5.disableFriendlyErrors = true to keep the editor console clean // * non-ASCII (Greek alpha, Angstrom, arrows) lives in COMMENTS ONLY; // every text() string literal is pure ASCII // * Energy-room palette: BG=18, FG=240, HOT/COLD/STRUCT/TRAJ // * createSelect + createSlider both .position()/.size() pinned // ===================================================================== const ARTICLE = 'Noble_gas'; const TITLE = ARTICLE.replace(/_/g, ' '); p5.disableFriendlyErrors = true; // ----- Energy room palette (P5_JS_EDITOR section 4) ------------------ const BG = 18; const FG = 240; const DIM = [240, 240, 240, 140]; const HOT = [220, 110, 60]; // warm accent (high values) const COLD = [60, 130, 220]; // cool accent (low values) const STRUCT = [120, 130, 150]; // structural grey: axes, frames const TRAJ = [240, 220, 80]; // reader cursor (yellow accent) const SCRATCH = [120, 120, 120, 90]; // grid lines // ----- Noble-gas data table (CRC Handbook, NIST, Wikipedia) ---------- // Z = atomic number // bp = boiling point at 1 atm in kelvin // mp = melting point at standard pressure in kelvin // ie1 = first ionization energy in kJ/mol // r = covalent (van der Waals) radius in pm // pol = atomic polarizability in cubic angstroms (A^3) // abu = dry-air abundance as a fraction (volume) // col = discharge-tube color approximation const NOBLES = [ { sym: 'He', name: 'Helium', Z: 2, bp: 4.222, mp: 0.95, ie1: 2372.3, r: 31, pol: 0.205, abu: 5.24e-6, col: [240, 200, 180] }, { sym: 'Ne', name: 'Neon', Z: 10, bp: 27.07, mp: 24.56, ie1: 2080.7, r: 38, pol: 0.396, abu: 1.818e-5, col: [240, 100, 80] }, { sym: 'Ar', name: 'Argon', Z: 18, bp: 87.30, mp: 83.81, ie1: 1520.6, r: 71, pol: 1.664, abu: 9.34e-3, col: [180, 110, 220] }, { sym: 'Kr', name: 'Krypton', Z: 36, bp: 119.93, mp: 115.79, ie1: 1350.8, r: 88, pol: 2.484, abu: 1.14e-6, col: [200, 200, 240] }, { sym: 'Xe', name: 'Xenon', Z: 54, bp: 165.05, mp: 161.40, ie1: 1170.4, r: 108, pol: 4.044, abu: 8.7e-8, col: [120, 160, 240] }, { sym: 'Rn', name: 'Radon', Z: 86, bp: 211.5, mp: 202.0, ie1: 1037.0, r: 120, pol: 5.3, abu: 1.0e-19, col: [240, 140, 160] }, { sym: 'Og', name: 'Oganesson', Z: 118, bp: 350.0, mp: 325.0, ie1: 860.0, r: 152, pol: 7.0, abu: 0, col: [160, 240, 200] }, ]; // ----- Property definitions (label, unit, accessor, scale, range) ---- // scale: 'linear' or 'log'. Log used for things spanning 10+ decades. const PROPS = [ { key: 'ie1', label: 'First ionization energy', unit: 'kJ/mol', accessor: e => e.ie1, scale: 'linear', min: 0, max: 2500, fmt: 1 }, { key: 'bp', label: 'Boiling point', unit: 'K', accessor: e => e.bp, scale: 'linear', min: 0, max: 400, fmt: 2 }, { key: 'mp', label: 'Melting point', unit: 'K', accessor: e => e.mp, scale: 'linear', min: 0, max: 400, fmt: 2 }, { key: 'r', label: 'Covalent radius', unit: 'pm', accessor: e => e.r, scale: 'linear', min: 0, max: 160, fmt: 0 }, { key: 'pol', label: 'Atomic polarizability', unit: 'A^3', accessor: e => e.pol, scale: 'linear', min: 0, max: 8, fmt: 2 }, { key: 'abu', label: 'Atmospheric abundance', unit: 'vol frac', accessor: e => e.abu, scale: 'log', min: 1e-21, max: 1, fmt: 3 }, ]; // ----- DOM controls (pinned positions, never floating) -------------- let propSelect; // dropdown: which property to plot let elemSlider; // 0..6 index into NOBLES, selects highlighted element // ----- Layout rectangles ------------------------------------------- // Computed once in setup; referenced from every drawX() helper so the // layout is a single source of truth and easy to tune. let LIST_RECT; // left-column list of seven noble-gas rows let CHART_RECT; // central bar chart of the selected property let DOSSIER_RECT; // bottom-left readout for the selected element let EQN_RECT; // bottom-right closed-shell equation function setup() { // -- canvas + global text setup (Betterfire Standard fixed-size) ---- createCanvas(720, 520); pixelDensity(2); textFont('system-ui'); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); // -- DOM controls (every createX has .position and .size) ---------- propSelect = createSelect(); PROPS.forEach(p => propSelect.option(p.label, p.key)); propSelect.selected('ie1'); propSelect.position(14, 470).size(220); elemSlider = createSlider(0, NOBLES.length - 1, 0, 1); elemSlider.position(260, 478).size(160); // -- layout rectangles (all coords baked here) --------------------- LIST_RECT = { x: 14, y: 60, w: 150, h: 360 }; CHART_RECT = { x: 184, y: 60, w: 522, h: 360 }; DOSSIER_RECT = { x: 440, y: 432, w: 266, h: 40 }; EQN_RECT = { x: 380, y: 492, w: 326, h: 20 }; } function draw() { background(BG); // -- read controls once per frame into named locals ----------------- const propKey = propSelect.value(); const prop = PROPS.find(p => p.key === propKey); const selIdx = constrain(int(elemSlider.value()), 0, NOBLES.length - 1); const selEl = NOBLES[selIdx]; // -- render in z-order: HUD, list, chart, dossier, equation, footer drawHUD(); drawElementList(LIST_RECT, selIdx); drawPropertyChart(CHART_RECT, prop, selIdx); drawDossier(DOSSIER_RECT, prop, selEl); drawEquation(EQN_RECT); drawControlLabels(); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // HUD: title + en.wikitube URL + (top-right) current property name. // Parameterless by convention so the Betterfire validator's BF7 check // ("drawHUD() invoked from draw()") sees the empty-parens call form. // The active property is looked up from PROPS via the selector value. // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawHUD() { // big title noStroke(); fill(FG); textSize(22); text(TITLE, 14, 14); // dim subtitle with the canonical wikitube URL fill(DIM); textSize(12); text('Wikitube microsim . en.wikitube.io/wiki/' + ARTICLE, 14, 40); // top-right: current property name (resolved here so the call is parameterless) const propKey = propSelect.value(); const prop = PROPS.find(p => p.key === propKey); fill(FG); textSize(13); textAlign(RIGHT, TOP); text(prop.label + ' (' + prop.unit + ')', width - 14, 18); // hint line below fill(DIM); textSize(11); text('select property + element below', width - 14, 38); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); // restore default } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Left column: vertical list of the seven noble-gas elements. // Each row is a tile colored by its discharge-tube approximation, // with the symbol + atomic number + name. The selected row is // outlined in TRAJ (yellow). // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawElementList(R, selIdx) { // frame noFill(); stroke(STRUCT); strokeWeight(1); rect(R.x, R.y, R.w, R.h, 4); // header noStroke(); fill(DIM); textSize(11); text('Group 18', R.x + 8, R.y + 6); fill(FG); textSize(13); text('Noble gases', R.x + 8, R.y + 22); // seven tiles const rowH = (R.h - 50) / NOBLES.length; for (let i = 0; i < NOBLES.length; i++) { const el = NOBLES[i]; const ry = R.y + 46 + i * rowH; // tile background tinted by discharge color noStroke(); fill(el.col[0], el.col[1], el.col[2], i === selIdx ? 70 : 30); rect(R.x + 6, ry + 2, R.w - 12, rowH - 4, 3); // symbol large fill(FG); textSize(16); text(el.sym, R.x + 12, ry + 6); // atomic number small fill(DIM); textSize(10); text('Z = ' + el.Z, R.x + 50, ry + 8); // full name fill(FG); textSize(11); text(el.name, R.x + 12, ry + 24); // selected row outline if (i === selIdx) { noFill(); stroke(TRAJ[0], TRAJ[1], TRAJ[2]); strokeWeight(2); rect(R.x + 6, ry + 2, R.w - 12, rowH - 4, 3); noStroke(); } } } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Central chart: bar chart of the selected property vs atomic number. // Bars are warm-tinted toward HOT for high values, cool toward COLD // for low values, with the selected element ringed in TRAJ. // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawPropertyChart(R, prop, selIdx) { // frame noFill(); stroke(STRUCT); strokeWeight(1); rect(R.x, R.y, R.w, R.h, 4); // -- inner plotting area -------------------------------------------- const padL = 56, padR = 24, padT = 30, padB = 36; const ix = R.x + padL; const iy = R.y + padT; const iw = R.w - padL - padR; const ih = R.h - padT - padB; // -- compute value range across the seven elements ------------------ const isLog = (prop.scale === 'log'); let vMin = prop.min, vMax = prop.max; // gridlines + tick labels (y axis) stroke(SCRATCH); strokeWeight(1); noFill(); textSize(10); const nTicks = isLog ? 7 : 5; for (let t = 0; t <= nTicks; t++) { const yy = iy + ih - (t / nTicks) * ih; line(ix, yy, ix + iw, yy); noStroke(); fill(DIM); let tickVal; if (isLog) { const lo = log10(vMin); const hi = log10(vMax); tickVal = pow(10, lerp(lo, hi, t / nTicks)); text(formatTick(tickVal, true), R.x + 6, yy - 5); } else { tickVal = lerp(vMin, vMax, t / nTicks); text(formatTick(tickVal, false), R.x + 6, yy - 5); } stroke(SCRATCH); noFill(); } // y-axis title (rotated) push(); translate(R.x + 14, iy + ih / 2); rotate(-HALF_PI); noStroke(); fill(FG); textSize(11); textAlign(CENTER, BOTTOM); text(prop.label + ' (' + prop.unit + ')', 0, 0); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); pop(); // x-axis title noStroke(); fill(FG); textSize(11); textAlign(CENTER, TOP); text('atomic number Z', ix + iw / 2, R.y + R.h - 18); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); // -- bars ------------------------------------------------------------ const bandW = iw / NOBLES.length; for (let i = 0; i < NOBLES.length; i++) { const el = NOBLES[i]; const v = prop.accessor(el); const cx = ix + (i + 0.5) * bandW; // map value to bar height (linear or log) let frac; if (isLog) { const safeV = max(v, vMin); frac = (log10(safeV) - log10(vMin)) / (log10(vMax) - log10(vMin)); } else { frac = (v - vMin) / (vMax - vMin); } frac = constrain(frac, 0, 1); const bh = frac * ih; const by = iy + ih - bh; // color: blend COLD (low) -> HOT (high) by frac const cr = lerp(COLD[0], HOT[0], frac); const cg = lerp(COLD[1], HOT[1], frac); const cb = lerp(COLD[2], HOT[2], frac); noStroke(); fill(cr, cg, cb, 200); rect(cx - bandW * 0.32, by, bandW * 0.64, bh, 3); // selected element: yellow ring + readout above bar if (i === selIdx) { noFill(); stroke(TRAJ[0], TRAJ[1], TRAJ[2]); strokeWeight(2); rect(cx - bandW * 0.35, by - 3, bandW * 0.70, bh + 6, 4); noStroke(); fill(TRAJ[0], TRAJ[1], TRAJ[2]); textSize(11); textAlign(CENTER, BOTTOM); text(formatVal(v, prop), cx, by - 6); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); } // x-tick: symbol + Z noStroke(); fill(DIM); textSize(10); textAlign(CENTER, TOP); text(el.sym, cx, iy + ih + 4); fill(DIM); textSize(9); text(el.Z, cx, iy + ih + 18); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); } } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Bottom-left dossier: selected element's full property list. // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawDossier(R, prop, el) { // tiny line listing every property of the selected element, with the // currently selected property highlighted in yellow. noStroke(); fill(DIM); textSize(10); text('selected:', R.x, R.y); fill(FG); textSize(13); text(el.sym + ' ' + el.name + ' (Z = ' + el.Z + ')', R.x, R.y + 12); textSize(10); let yy = R.y + 30; for (const p of PROPS) { const v = p.accessor(el); const str = ' ' + p.label + ': ' + formatVal(v, p) + ' ' + p.unit; if (p.key === prop.key) { fill(TRAJ[0], TRAJ[1], TRAJ[2]); } else { fill(DIM); } text(str, R.x, yy); yy += 11; if (yy > R.y + R.h - 2) break; // never overflow } } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Bottom-right: ASCII closed-shell electron-configuration rule. // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawEquation(R) { noStroke(); fill(DIM); textSize(11); textAlign(RIGHT, TOP); text('closed shell: He = 1s^2 ; Ne..Rn = [core] n s^2 n p^6', R.x + R.w, R.y); textAlign(LEFT, TOP); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Control labels (drawn ABOVE the DOM controls, since createSelect // and createSlider only carry values, not titles). // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function drawControlLabels() { noStroke(); fill(DIM); textSize(10); text('property', 14, 458); text('element', 260, 466); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------- // Helpers: numeric formatting (no Intl, no exponential() use) // --------------------------------------------------------------------- function formatVal(v, prop) { if (prop.scale === 'log') { return v.toExponential(2); } return nf(v, 1, prop.fmt); } function formatTick(v, isLog) { if (isLog) { return v.toExponential(0); } if (v >= 100) return nf(v, 1, 0); if (v >= 10) return nf(v, 1, 1); return nf(v, 1, 2); } function log10(x) { return Math.log(x) / Math.log(10); } ``` ## Links (Wikipedia order)  `Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements` · `Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)` · `Accounts_of_Chemical_Research` · `Actinide` · [[Actinium]] · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Anesthetic` · `Angioplasty` · [[Antimony]] · [[Argon]] · `Argon_fluorohydride` · [[Arsenic]] · [[Astatine]] · `Asthma` · `Atmosphere` · `Atmospheric_pressure` · `Atom` · [[Atomic_mass]] · `Atomic_nucleus` · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_orbital` · `Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)` · `Atomic_radius` · `Aufbau_principle` 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`Three-center_four-electron_bond` · [[Thulium]] · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Transition_metal` · `Transuranium_element` · [[Trimix_(breathing_gas)]] · `Trivial_name` · [[Tungsten]] · `Types_of_periodic_tables` · `Ultraviolet` · `United_States_dollar` · `Universe` · `University_of_Alberta` · [[Uranium]] · `Valence_(chemistry)` · `Valence_electron` · [[Vanadium]] · `Volatile_(astrogeology)` · `Wavelength` · `Welding` · `William_Ramsay` · `Xenic_acid` · [[Xenon]] · `Xenon_arc_lamp` · `Xenon_compounds` · `Xenon_difluoride` · `Xenon_hexafluoride` · `Xenon_hexafluoroplatinate` · `Xenon_isotope_geochemistry` · `Xenon_octafluoride` · `Xenon_tetrafluoride` · `Xenon_tetroxide` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]] ## From the vault media library !Noble gas thumb.png *Noble Gas — from the vault's own media holdings, placed 2026-07-09. MTN / Wikitube.io original · CC BY-SA 4.0.*  > **Room:** [[Helium]] · **Status:** ✅ shipped ## Overview The noble gases are the six naturally occurring chemical elements that occupy group 18 of the periodic table — helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and the radioactive radon — together with the synthetic, fleetingly observed oganesson. They share a closed-shell [[Electron|electron]] configuration, ending in a filled s and p subshell (ns2 np6) for every member except helium, whose 1s2 shell is itself complete. That closed shell is responsible for the group's defining trait: an exceptionally low chemical reactivity that earned them the older labels "inert gases" and "rare gases." Discovered between 1894 and 1900 by William Ramsay, Lord Rayleigh, and collaborators after careful spectroscopic and gravimetric analysis of liquefied air, the noble gases form a monotonic series down the column. Boiling points rise from 4.22 K for helium to 211.5 K for radon. First ionization energies fall from 2372 kJ/mol for helium to roughly 1037 kJ/mol for radon. Atomic radius and polarizability both increase with atomic number, which is why xenon — heavy and easily polarized — forms genuine compounds such as XeF2, XeF4, and XeO3, first prepared by Neil Bartlett in 1962. Atmospherically, argon dominates at 0.934 percent by volume; neon, helium, krypton, and xenon are present at parts-per-million levels. Industrial applications include arc-welding shielding (Ar), discharge-tube lighting (Ne, Kr, Xe), MRI cryogen and [[Lifting_gas|lifting gas]] (He), insulating windows (Ar, Kr), and excimer lasers (ArF, KrF, XeCl). The closed-shell ideal-gas behavior also makes them the standard reference fluids for kinetic theory. ## See also - Room hub: [[Helium]] - p5.js Editor conventions: P5 JS EDITOR - Wiki root: MAIN --- *Scaffolded by `generative-microsim` from row 148 of the Helium sheet on 2026-05-14T16:51:44Z.*   *Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*  ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Noble_gas) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*