# Platinum
## ๐ง Platinum ยท 3D (three.js)
<iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Pt&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Platinum"></iframe>
*Platinum in the live three.js Elements explorer โ drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* ยท [โถ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Pt)
<!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END -->
!Platinum plate.svg
*Plate 78 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.*
## Microsim To Do
*Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.*
- Catalytic converter - platinum-group metal emission control
- Catalyst - platinum in petroleum refining and synthesis
- Chemical inertness - platinum's noble-metal properties
- Jewelry - platinum durability and prestige in metalworking
## Links (Wikipedia order)
<!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Platinum.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) -->
`2000s_commodities_boom` ยท `Abalone` ยท `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` ยท [[Actinium]] ยท `Adams'_catalyst` ยท `Agate` ยท `Alchemical_symbol` ยท `Alkali_metal` ยท `Alkaline_earth_metal` ยท `Alkene` ยท [[Alloy]] ยท `Alluvium` ยท [[Alpha_decay]] ยท [[Aluminium]] ยท `Amazonite` ยท `Amber` ยท [[Americium]] ยท `Amethyst` ยท `Ammolite` ยท `Ammonium_chloride` ยท `Ammonium_hexachloroplatinate` ยท `Ammonium_hexaiodoplatinate(IV)` ยท `Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf` ยท `Anklet` ยท `Antimonide` ยท [[Antimony]] ยท `Antiquities_trade` ยท `Antonio_de_Ulloa` ยท `Aqua_regia` ยท `Argentium_sterling_silver` ยท [[Argon]] ยท [[Arsenic]] ยท `Arsenide` ยท `Art_jewelry` ยท [[Astatine]] ยท `Atomic_number` ยท `Atomic_radius` ยท `Australia` ยท `Aventurine` ยท [[Barium]] ยท `Base_metal` ยท `Becquerel` ยท `Belly_chain` ยท `Belt_buckle` ยท `Bench_jeweler` ยท [[Berkelium]] ยท `Beryl` ยท [[Beryllium]] ยท [[Beta_decay]] ยท `Bezoar` ยท `Biomedicine` ยท [[Bismuth]] ยท `Black_coral` ยท `Block_(periodic_table)` ยท `Body_piercing_jewelry` ยท `Bog-wood` ยท [[Bohrium]] ยท [[Boiling_point]] ยท `Bolide` ยท `Bolo_tie` ยท [[Boron]] ยท `Boron_group` ยท `Bracelet` ยท `Brass` ยท `Brinell_hardness_test` ยท `Britannia_silver` ยท [[Bromine]] ยท `Bronze` ยท `Brooch` ยท `Bulk_modulus` ยท `Bullion` ยท `CAS_Registry_Number` ยท [[Cadmium]] ยท [[Caesium]] ยท `Calcination` ยท [[Calcium]] ยท [[Californium]] ยท `Cameo_(carving)` ยท `Canada` ยท `Carat_(mass)` ยท [[Carbon]] ยท `Carbon_group` ยท `Carbon_monoxide` ยท `Carboplatin` ยท `Carnelian` ยท `Catalytic_converter` ยท `Catalytic_reforming` ยท `Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)` ยท [[Cerium]] ยท `Chalcogen` ยท `Charles_III_of_Spain` ยท `Charles_Wood_(ironmaster)` ยท `Chatelaine_(chain)` ยท [[Chemical_element]] ยท `Chemical_stability` ยท `Chemotherapy` ยท `China` ยท [[Chlorine]] ยท `Chloropentammineplatinum_chloride` ยท `Chloroplatinic_acid` ยท `Chromite` ยท [[Chromium]] ยท `Chrysoberyl` ยท `Chrysocolla` ยท `Cisplatin` ยท `Clockmaker` ยท [[Cobalt]] ยท `Collar_pin` ยท `Colombia` ยท `Colored_gold` ยท `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` ยท `Copal` ยท [[Copernicium]] ยท [[Copper]] ยท `Coral` ยท [[Corrosion]] ยท `Costco` ยท `Covalent_radius` ยท `Cross-link` ยท `Crown` ยท `Crown_gold` ยท [[Crystal_structure]] ยท [[Cubic_crystal_system]] ยท `Cufflink` ยท [[Curium]] ยท `DNA` ยท [[Darmstadtium]] ยท [[Decay_product]] ยท [[Density]] ยท `Dentistry` ยท `Diammonium_tetrachloroplatinate` ยท `Diamond` ยท `Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II)` ยท `Diminutive` ยท `Diopside` ยท `Dioxygenyl` ยท `Dioxygenyl_hexafluoroplatinate` ยท `Double_beta_decay` ยท `Draw_plate` ยท [[Dubnium]] ยท `Ductility` ยท [[Dysprosium]] ยท `Earring` ยท [[Earth]] ยท `Earth's_crust` ยท `Ebonite` ยท [[Einsteinium]] ยท `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` ยท `Electrode` ยท `Electron_capture` ยท `Electron_configuration` ยท `Electronegativity` ยท `Electrum` ยท `Emerald` ยท `Encyclopรฆdia_Britannica` ยท `Engraved_gem` ยท `Enthalpy_of_fusion` ยท `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` ยท [[Erbium]] ยท `Esmeraldas,_Ecuador` ยท `Ethiopia` ยท `Ethylene` ยท `Etymonline` ยท [[Europium]] ยท `Fashion` ยท [[Fermium]] ยท `Ferromagnetism` ยท `Ferronniรจre` ยท `File_(tool)` ยท `Filigree` ยท `Finding_(jewelcrafting)` ยท `Fineness` ยท `Finland` ยท [[Flerovium]] ยท [[Fluorine]] ยท `Fluorite` ยท `Flux_(metallurgy)` ยท `Foldforming` ยท `Food_and_Drug_Administration` ยท [[Francium]] ยท `Franz_Karl_Achard` ยท `Fuel_cell` ยท `Fuel_cell_vehicle` ยท [[Gadolinium]] ยท [[Gallium]] ยท `Garnet` ยท `Gauteng` ยท `Gemology` ยท `Gemstone` ยท `Gerhard_Ertl` ยท [[Germanium]] ยท `Glass_production` ยท [[Gold]] ยท `Gold_souk` ยท `Goldsmith` ยท `Gravimetry` ยท `Green_hydrogen` ยท `Grignard_reagent` ยท `Group_(periodic_table)` ยท `Group_10_element` ยท `Group_11_element` ยท `Group_12_element` ยท `Group_3_element` ยท `Group_4_element` ยท `Group_5_element` ยท `Group_6_element` ยท `Group_7_element` ยท `Group_8_element` ยท `Group_9_element` ยท `Gutta-percha` ยท `HSAB_theory` ยท [[Hafnium]] ยท `Hair_clip` ยท [[Half-life]] ยท `Halogen` ยท `Hammer` ยท [[Hassium]] ยท [[Helium]] ยท `Hexaammineplatinum(IV)_chloride` ยท `Hexachloroplatinate` ยท [[Holmium]] ยท `Howlite` ยท `Hydrochloric_acid` ยท [[Hydrogen]] ยท `Hydrogen_peroxide` ยท `In_vivo` ยท `India` ยท [[Indium]] ยท `Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal)` ยท `International_Temperature_Scale_of_1990` ยท [[Iodine]] ยท [[Ionization_energy]] ยท [[Iridium]] ยท [[Iron]] ยท `Iron(II)_chloride` ยท `Ironโplatinum_nanoparticle` ยท `Isotopes_of_platinum` ยท `Italy` ยท `Ivory` ยท `Jade` ยท `Jasper` ยท `Jet_(gemstone)` ยท `Jewellery` ยท `Jewellery_chain` ยท `Jewellery_design` ยท `Jewelry_model` ยท `Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society` ยท `Julius_Caesar_Scaliger` ยท `Kelvin` ยท `Kilogram` ยท `Krogmann's_salt` ยท [[Krypton]] ยท `Kyanite` ยท `Labradorite` ยท [[Lanthanum]] ยท `Lapel_pin` ยท `Lapidary` ยท `Lapis_lazuli` ยท `Larimar` ยท `Lattice_constant` ยท [[Lawrencium]] ยท [[Lead]] ยท `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` ยท `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` ยท `List_of_jewellery_types` ยท `List_of_traded_commodities` ยท [[Lithium]] ยท [[Livermorium]] ยท `Lost-wax_casting` ยท `Louis_XV` ยท [[Lutetium]] ยท [[Magnesium]] ยท `Magnet` ยท `Magnetic_susceptibility` ยท `Magnetism` ยท `Magnus's_green_salt` ยท `Malachite` ยท `Mandrel` ยท [[Manganese]] ยท `Marcasite_jewellery` ยท [[Meitnerium]] ยท `Melting_point` ยท [[Mendelevium]] ยท [[Mercury_(element)]] ยท `Metal_casting` ยท `Metal_clay` ยท [[Metallurgy]] ยท `Metalworking` ยท `Metre` ยท `Microgram` ยท `Mixed_metal_oxide_electrode` ยท `Mokume-gane` ยท `Molar_heat_capacity` ยท [[Molybdenum]] ยท `Montana` ยท [[Moon]] ยท `Moonstone_(gemstone)` ยท [[Moscovium]] ยท `Nacre` ยท `Native_element_mineral` ยท `Natural_abundance` ยท `Neck_ring` ยท `Necklace` ยท `Nedaplatin` ยท [[Neodymium]] ยท [[Neon]] ยท [[Neptunium]] ยท [[Nickel]] ยท `Nickel_silver` ยท [[Nihonium]] ยท [[Niobium]] ยท `Nitric_acid` ยท [[Nitrogen]] ยท `Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry` ยท [[Nobelium]] ยท [[Noble_gas]] ยท `Noble_metal` ยท `Norman_Greenwood` ยท `Obsidian` ยท `Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration` ยท [[Oganesson]] ยท `Ontario` ยท `Onyx` ยท `Opal` ยท `Operculum_(gastropod)` ยท `Organometallics` ยท `Organoplatinum_chemistry` ยท [[Osmium]] ยท `Oxaliplatin` ยท `Oxidation_state` ยท [[Oxygen]] ยท `Oxygen_sensor` ยท [[Palladium]] ยท `Paramagnetism` ยท `Payment_card` ยท `Pearl` ยท `Pearson_symbol` ยท `Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)` ยท `Pendant` ยท `Peridot` ยท `Period_(periodic_table)` ยท `Period_1_element` ยท `Period_2_element` ยท `Period_3_element` ยท `Period_4_element` ยท `Period_5_element` ยท `Period_6_element` ยท `Period_7_element` ยท `Periodic_table` ยท `Permanent_jewellery` ยท `Petroleum` ยท `Petroleum_naphtha` ยท `Pewter` ยท `Phaleristics` ยท `Phase_(matter)` ยท [[Phosphorus]] ยท `Picometre` ยท `Picoplatin` ยท `Pierre_Macquer` ยท `Pinchbeck_(alloy)` ยท `Plating` ยท `Platinocyanide` ยท `Platinum(II)_acetate` ยท `Platinum(II)_bis(acetylacetonate)` ยท `Platinum(II)_bromide` ยท `Platinum(II)_chloride` ยท `Platinum(II)_fluoride` ยท `Platinum(II)_iodide` ยท `Platinum(II)_sulfide` ยท `Platinum(IV)_bromide` ยท `Platinum(IV)_chloride` ยท `Platinum(IV)_iodide` ยท `Platinum-195_nuclear_magnetic_resonance` ยท `Platinum_diphosphide` ยท `Platinum_diselenide` ยท `Platinum_fulminate` ยท `Platinum_group` ยท `Platinum_hexafluoride` ยท `Platinum_nanoparticle` ยท `Platinum_pentafluoride` ยท `Platinum_tetrafluoride` ยท `Pliers` ยท [[Plutonium]] ยท `Pnictogen` ยท `Pocket_watch` ยท `Poisson's_ratio` ยท `Poland` ยท `Polishing_(metalworking)` ยท [[Polonium]] ยท [[Potassium]] ยท `Potassium_hexachloroplatinate` ยท `Potassium_hydroxide` ยท `Potassium_tetrachloroplatinate` ยท [[Praseodymium]] ยท `Prasiolite` ยท `Precious_coral` ยท `Precious_metal` ยท `Primordial_nuclide` ยท [[Promethium]] ยท [[Protactinium]] ยท `Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell` ยท `Quartz` ยท `RIAA_certification` ยท [[Radioactive_decay]] ยท `Radionuclide` ยท [[Radium]] ยท [[Radon]] ยท `Red_beryl` ยท `Repoussรฉ_and_chasing` ยท `Resistance_thermometer` ยท [[Rhenium]] ยท [[Rhodium]] ยท `Ring_(jewellery)` ยท [[Roentgenium]] ยท `Room_temperature` ยท `Royal_Society` ยท [[Rubidium]] ยท `Ruby` ยท `Russia` ยท [[Ruthenium]] ยท [[Rutherfordium]] ยท [[Samarium]] ยท `Sapphire` ยท `Satraplatin` ยท [[Scandium]] ยท [[Seaborgium]] ยท [[Selenium]] ยท `Serbia` ยท `Shakudล` ยท `Shear_modulus` ยท `Shell_jewelry` ยท `Shibuichi` ยท [[Silicon]] ยท `Silicone_rubber` ยท [[Silver]] ยท `Silversmith` ยท `Sintering` ยท `Smoky_quartz` ยท `Sodalite` ยท [[Sodium]] ยท `Sodium_acetate` ยท `Sodium_hexachloroplatinate` ยท `Soldering` ยท `Solid` ยท `South_Africa` ยท `Spanish_language` ยท `Spark_plug` ยท `Specific_heat_capacity` ยท `Spectral_line` ยท `Speed_of_sound` ยท `Sperrylite` ยท [[Spin_(physics)]] ยท `Spinel` ยท `Spondylus` ยท `Stainless_steel` ยท `Standard_atomic_weight` ยท `Standard_hydrogen_electrode` ยท `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` ยท `Sterling_silver` ยท `Stonesetting` ยท [[Strontium]] ยท `Sulfide` ยท `Sulfide_mineral` ยท [[Sulfur]] ยท [[Sun]] ยท `Sunstone` ยท `Synthetic_radioisotope` ยท `Tamil_Nadu` ยท [[Tantalum]] ยท `Tanzanite` ยท [[Technetium]] ยท `Telluride_(chemistry)` ยท [[Tellurium]] ยท [[Tennessine]] ยท [[Terbium]] ยท `Tetrahydrofuran` ยท `Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)` ยท [[Thallium]] ยท `Thermogravimetric_analysis` ยท [[Thorium]] ยท [[Thulium]] ยท `Tiara` ยท `Tie_chain` ยท `Tie_clip` ยท `Tie_pin` ยท `Tiger's_eye` ยท [[Tin]] ยท [[Titanium]] ยท `Toadstone` ยท `Toe_ring` ยท `Tonne` ยท `Topaz` ยท `Torbern_Bergman` ยท `Tortoiseshell` ยท `Tourmaline` ยท `Transition_metal` ยท `Transplatin` ยท `Triplatin_tetranitrate` ยท `Tumbaga` ยท [[Tungsten]] ยท `Turquoise` ยท `Ultimate_tensile_strength` ยท `United_States` ยท `Ural_Mountains` ยท [[Uranium]] ยท `Van_der_Waals_radius` ยท [[Vanadium]] ยท `Vapor_pressure` ยท `Variscite` ยท `Vegetable_oil` ยท `Vehicle_emissions_control` ยท `Vickers_hardness_test` ยท `Vitreous_enamel` ยท `Watch` ยท `Watch_strap` ยท `Watchmaker` ยท `Water` ยท [[Wayback_Machine]] ยท `Wearable_art` ยท `Wetting` ยท `Wire_sculpture` ยท `Wire_wrapped_jewelry` ยท [[Xenon]] ยท `Xenon_hexafluoroplatinate` ยท `Young's_modulus` ยท [[Ytterbium]] ยท [[Yttrium]] ยท `Zeise's_salt` ยท `Zimbabwe` ยท [[Zinc]] ยท `Zircon` ยท [[Zirconium]]
## Gallery
!4StrokeEngine Ortho 3D Small.gif
*The four-stroke cycle - platinum scrubs its exhaust (vault Gif Library)*
> **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 78.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Platinum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum).
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## Key facts (infobox)
| | |
|---|---|
| Symbol - Z | Pt - 78 |
| Group - Period - Block | 10 - 6 - d-block |
| Atomic weight (Da) | 195.08 |
| Density (g/cm3) | 21.45 |
| Melting - Boiling (K) | 2041.4 - 4098 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.28 |
| Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 0.005 |
| Origin | primordial |
| Phase (STP) | solid |
| Name origin | Spanish platina, 'little silver' |
*Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).*
## Story
Platinum was known to pre-Columbian South American cultures, who worked native platinum deposits in Ecuador and Colombia, but it remained unknown to Europe until Spanish conquistadors encountered it in the 16th century [model-prior - verify]. The name platinum comes from the Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver,' originally a dismissive reference to a metal the Spanish conquistadors could not easily melt (the melting point is 2041 K). Industrial-scale platinum extraction and refining did not begin until the 19th century.
Platinum is a silvery-white d-block transition metal of extraordinary nobility: it is one of the most inert elements, resisting corrosion and chemical attack in almost all common environments [model-prior - verify]. Platinum is used as a catalyst in petroleum refining (catalytic converters in vehicles account for a significant fraction of demand), in chemical synthesis, and in electrochemistry. Platinum jewelry has long been prized for its durability and resistance to tarnishing. The element is also used in crucibles, electrodes, dental and medical devices, and in specialized optical and electronic applications [model-prior - verify]. Over 95% of platinum-group metal production is concentrated in South Africa, making it a critical geopolitical resource.
Platinum's journey from 'little silver' to one of humanity's most valued metals mirrors the broader story the corpus tells: of hidden elemental dependencies, of materials whose rarity and properties give them strategic weight far beyond their atomic weight on the periodic table.
## Corpus connections
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub
- Centers of Excellence Portal
- [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School
- Space Mining In Minnesota - platinum-group metals and geopolitical supply
- History of Mining in Minnesota - precious metals and South African supply chains
## Vocational-Technical Semiotics
The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Pt, group 10, period 6), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it.
## Sources
Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment.
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## From the Real GENERATIVE library
> Platinum is a chemical element; it has symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum))
<!-- REAL-GENERATIVE-MEDIA:END -->
## Navigation
- Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Iridium|Iridium (77)]] - [[Gold|Gold (79)]]
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence
## Wikipedia : Wikitube
**Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Platinum)
## Previous hub tags
Tree parents: [[Helium]] ยท [[Hydrogen]] ยท [[Oxygen]].
Legacy hubs: none.
---
*Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*