# Plutonium
<!-- MICROSIMGEN:BEGIN v1.7 — generated by g08_place_microsims.py; three.js first (§15); do not hand-edit inside -->
## Microsims — p5.js
### Plutonium (p5.js)
<div class="microsim-player">
<iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/D_V7bDzKP" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" title="Plutonium — p5.js microsim"></iframe>
</div>
*Explore plutonium, the silvery-gray actinide of atomic number 94, tracing its allotropes, oxidation states, and radioactive behavior in reactor and bomb.*
**Open in the editor:** [▶ fork this sketch](https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/D_V7bDzKP) · library `p5js`
### Related microsims
Live sims on neighbouring articles — 4 of them inside this article's own Wikipedia link tree:
- [[Beta_decay]] *(in tree)*
- [[Decay_chain]] *(in tree)*
- [[Half-life]] *(in tree)*
- [[Thorium]] *(in tree)*
- [[Atomic_mass]]
*Sim hosted off-article; the article owns the reference, not the runtime (WIKI_RULES §10.4). Placed by `g08_place_microsims.py`.*
<!-- MICROSIMGEN:END -->
## 🧊 Plutonium · 3D (three.js)
<iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Pu&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Plutonium"></iframe>
*Plutonium in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Pu)
<!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END -->
!Plutonium plate.svg
*Plate 94 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.*
## Microsim
> *Microsim pending. The pipeline is currently authoring and saving a sketch in the [p5.js Web Editor](https://editor.p5js.org). Once saved, this section will hold the editor URL, a 100-word description of what the sketch demonstrates, and the full source code.*
**Editor URL:** `<paste editor URL after save>`
**Description (100 words):** _<filled in at finalize>_
```js
// sketch.js will be inlined here once finalized
```
## Microsim To Do
*Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.*
- Plutonium-239 - the fissile isotope at the core of nuclear weapons
- Nuclear fission - plutonium chain reactions in reactors and bombs
- Neutron capture - creating plutonium from uranium-238 in reactors
- Manhattan Project - extraction and weaponization of plutonium in WWII
## Links (Wikipedia order)
<!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Plutonium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) -->
`509th_Composite_Group` · `AP1000` · `APR-1400` · `AVR_reactor` · `Aage_Bohr` · `Acid` · `Actinide` · `Actinide_chemistry` · [[Actinium]] · `Activation_product` · `Advanced_boiling_water_reactor` · `Advanced_heavy-water_reactor` · `African-American_scientists_and_technicians_on_the_Manhattan_Project` · `Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry` · `Aircraft_Nuclear_Propulsion` · `Alamogordo,_New_Mexico` · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · `Allotropes_of_plutonium` · `Allotropy` · [[Alloy]] · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Alpha_particle]] · `Alsos_Mission` · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Americium-241` · `Ames_Project` · `Anti-nuclear_movement` · [[Antimony]] · `Apollo_12` · `Aqueous_homogeneous_reactor` · `Aqueous_solution` · [[Argon]] · [[Arsenic]] · `Arthur_Compton` · `Arthur_Wahl` · [[Astatine]] · `Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946` · `Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki` · `Atomic_gardening` · `Atomic_nucleus` · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · `Autoradiograph` · `BM-40A_reactor` · `BN-1200_reactor` · `BN-350_reactor` · `BN-600_reactor` · `BN-800_reactor` · `BREST_(reactor)` · `BWRX-300` · `B_Reactor` · [[Barium]] · `Becquerel` · `Beloyarsk_Nuclear_Power_Station` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Beta_decay]] · `Beta_particle` · `Bill_Clinton` · `Biological_half-life` · [[Bismuth]] · `Bismuth_phosphate_process` · `Block_(periodic_table)` · `Blue_Ribbon_Commission_on_America's_Nuclear_Future` · `Bockscar` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · `Boiling_water_reactor` · `Bone` · `Bone_marrow` · `Boride` · `Boris_Pash` · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · `Boulder,_Colorado` · `Brachytherapy` · `Breeder_reactor` · `Bremsstrahlung` · `Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant` · `British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project` · [[Bromine]] · `Brookhaven_National_Laboratory` · `Bruno_Rossi` · `Bubble_fusion` · `Burnup` · `CANDU_reactor` · `CAP1400` · `CAS_Registry_Number` · `CFR-600` · `CPR-1000` · [[Cadmium]] · [[Caesium]] · [[Calcium]] · [[Californium]] · `Calutron` · `Calutron_Girls` · `Cambridge` · `Cancer` · `Carbide` · [[Carbon]] · `Carbon_dioxide` · `Carbon_group` · `Carbon_tetrachloride` · `Carolinas–Virginia_Tube_Reactor` · `Cassini–Huygens` · `Cast_iron` · `Catherine_Westfall` · `Cavendish_Laboratory` · `Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention` · [[Cerium]] · `Chalcogen` · `Charles_Allen_Thomas` · `Charles_Critchfield` · `Chemical_compound` · [[Chemical_element]] · `Chemical_symbol` · `Chemically_peculiar_star` · `Chernobyl_disaster` · `Chernobyl_exclusion_zone` · `Chicago_Pile-1` · `Chicago_Pile-3` · `Chien-Shiung_Wu` · `China_Experimental_Fast_Reactor` · [[Chlorine]] · [[Chromium]] · `Classical_mythology` · `Clinton_Engineer_Works` · [[Cobalt]] · [[Cold_War]] · `Columbia_River` · `Concrete` · [[Copernicium]] · [[Copper]] · `Covalent_bond` · `Covalent_radius` · `Critical_mass` · `Criticality_(status)` · `Criticality_accident` · `Crucible` · [[Crystal_structure]] · `Curie_(unit)` · `Curiosity_(rover)` · [[Curium]] · `Cyclotron` · [[Darmstadtium]] · `Dayton_Project` · [[Decay_chain]] · `Decay_heat` · [[Decay_product]] · `Deep_geological_repository` · `Demon_core` · `Dense_plasma_focus` · [[Density]] · `Depleted_uranium` · `Deuterium` · `Dicaesium_hexachloroplutonate` · `Dorothy_McKibbin` · `Double_beta_decay` · `Dounreay` · `Dry_cask_storage` · `Dual_fluid_reactor` · [[Dubnium]] · `Dwarf_planet` · [[Dysprosium]] · `EGP-6` · `EPR_(nuclear_reactor)` · `Economic_Simplified_Boiling_Water_Reactor` · `Ed_Westcott` · `Edward_Teller` · `Edwin_McMillan` · `Effects_of_nuclear_explosions` · `Egon_Bretscher` · [[Einsteinium]] · `Einstein–Szilard_letter` · `Electric_arc_furnace` · `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` · `Electrolysis` · `Electromagnetism` · `Electron-beam_processing` · `Electron_configuration` · `Electronegativity` · `Emilio_Segrè` · `Energy_Multiplier_Module` · `Enola_Gay` · `Enriched_uranium` · `Enrico_Fermi` · `Enthalpy_of_fusion` · `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` · `Equivalent_dose` · [[Erbium]] · `Ernest_Lawrence` · `Eugene_Wigner` · [[Europium]] · `Explosive_lens` · `Extinct_radionuclide` · `FBR-600` · `FLiBe` · `Fast-neutron_reactor` · `Fast_Breeder_Test_Reactor` · `Fast_neutron_therapy` · `Fat_Man` · [[Fatigue_(material)]] · `Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation` · `Federation_of_American_Scientists` · [[Fermium]] · `Fertile_material` · `Field-reversed_configuration` · `Fire` · `Fissile_material` · [[Flerovium]] · [[Fluorine]] · `Food_irradiation` · [[Francium]] · `Franck_Report` · `Frank_Spedding` · `Franklin_Matthias` · `Fritz_Strassmann` · `Fugen_Nuclear_Power_Plant` · `Fuji_Molten_Salt_Reactor` · `Fusion_power` · `Fusor` · `GE_BWR` · [[Gadolinium]] · `Galileo_(spacecraft)` · [[Gallium]] · `Gamma_ray` · `Gas-cooled_fast_reactor` · `Gas-cooled_reactor` · `Gas_turbine_modular_helium_reactor` · `Gemstone_irradiation` · `Generation_IV_reactor` · `Gentilly_Nuclear_Generating_Station` · `George_B._Pegram` · `George_Herbert_Jones_Laboratory` · `George_Kistiakowsky` · `George_Koval` · [[Germanium]] · `Glenn_T._Seaborg` · [[Gold]] · `Graphite-moderated_reactor` · `Greek_language` · `Group_(periodic_table)` · `Group_10_element` · `Group_11_element` · `Group_12_element` · `Group_3_element` · `Group_4_element` · `Group_5_element` · `Group_6_element` · `Group_7_element` · `Group_8_element` · `Group_9_element` · `HTR-10` · `HTR-PM` · [[Hafnium]] · [[Half-life]] · `Halogen` · `Hanford_Engineer_Works` · `Hanford_Site` · `Hans_Bethe` · `Harold_Urey` · `Harry_Daghlian` · [[Hassium]] · `Heat_pipe-cooled_reactor` · `Heat_sink` · `Heavy-water_reactor` · [[Helium]] · [[Helium-3]] · `Henry_DeWolf_Smyth` · `Hexachloroplutonate` · `Hibakusha` · `High-altitude_nuclear_explosion` · `High-level_waste` · `Hippocratic_Oath` · `Historical_nuclear_weapons_stockpiles_and_nuclear_tests_by_country` · `History_of_nuclear_weapons` · [[Holmium]] · `Hualong_One` · `Hydride` · `Hydrochloric_acid` · [[Hydrogen]] · `Hydroiodic_acid` · `IPHWR` · `IPHWR-220` · `IPHWR-700` · `IPWR-900` · [[Indium]] · [[Inert_gas]] · `Inertial_confinement_fusion` · `Inertial_electrostatic_confinement` · `Informed_consent` · `Integral_Molten_Salt_Reactor` · `Integral_fast_reactor` · `Interim_Committee` · `Internal_energy` · [[Iodine]] · [[Ionization_energy]] · `Ionizing_radiation` · [[Iridium]] · [[Iron]] · `Irradiation` · `Isaac_Asimov` · `Isotope` · `Isotope_separation` · `Isotopes_of_plutonium` · `J._Robert_Oppenheimer` · `James_B._Conant` · `James_C._Marshall` · `James_Chadwick` · `James_Franck` · `James_Rainwater` · `Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory` · `John_Archibald_Wheeler` · `John_Cockcroft` · `John_Lansdale_Jr.` · `John_R._Dunning` · [[John_von_Neumann]] · `Joseph_W._Kennedy` · `K-25` · `KLT-40_reactor` · `KN-3_reactor` · `KS_150` · `Kelvin` · `Kenneth_Nichols` · `Kilogram` · `Kinetic_energy` · `Klaus_Fuchs` · [[Krypton]] · [[Lanthanum]] · `Las_Vegas` · `Lattice_constant` · `Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory` · [[Lawrencium]] · [[Lead]] · `Lead-cooled_fast_reactor` · `Leo_Szilard` · `Leona_Woods` · `Leslie_Groves` · `Levitated_dipole` · `Light-water_reactor` · `Light_water_graphite_reactor` · `Lillian_Hoddeson` · `Linear_no-threshold_model` · `Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor` · `Liquid_metal_cooled_reactor` · `List_of_Nobel_laureates_who_worked_on_the_Manhattan_Project` · `List_of_United_States_nuclear_weapons_tests` · `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` · `List_of_civilian_nuclear_accidents` · `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` · `List_of_nuclear_weapons` · `List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests` · `List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons` · `List_of_weapons_of_mass_destruction_treaties` · `Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents` · [[Lithium]] · `Little_Boy` · `Liver` · [[Livermorium]] · `Long-lived_fission_product` · `Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory` · `Los_Alamos_Primer` · `Los_Alamos_Science` · `Louis_Slotin` · `Low-level_waste` · `Lucens_reactor` · `Luis_Walter_Alvarez` · `Lung_cancer` · [[Lutetium]] · `MKER` · `MOX_fuel` · [[Magnesium]] · `Magnesium_oxide` · `Magnetic_confinement_fusion` · `Magnetism` · `Magnetized_target_fusion` · `Magnox` · [[Manganese]] · `Manhattan_Project` · `Manhattan_Project_feed_materials_program` · `Maria_Goeppert_Mayer` · `Mark_Oliphant` · `Mars_2020` · `Mars_rover` · `Mass_number` · `Mayak` · `Medical_ethics` · `Medical_imaging` · [[Meitnerium]] · `Melting_point` · [[Mendelevium]] · [[Mercury_(element)]] · `Metal` · `Metallurgical_Laboratory` · `Metre_per_second` · `Migma` · `Minor_actinide` · `Molar_heat_capacity` · `Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment` · [[Molybdenum]] · `Monoclinic_crystal_system` · `Montreal_Laboratory` · [[Moscovium]] · `Multi-mission_radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator` · `Muon-catalyzed_fusion` · `Nagasaki` · `National_Historic_Landmark` · `Natural_abundance` · `Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor` · [[Neodymium]] · [[Neon]] · `Neptune` · [[Neptunium]] · [[Neutron]] · `Neutron_activation` · `Neutron_capture` · `Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer` · `Neutron_cross_section` · `Neutron_flux` · `Neutron_generator` · `Neutron_moderator` · `Neutron_poison` · `Neutron_radiation` · `Neutron_reflector` · `Neutron_source` · `Neutron_star` · `Neutron_temperature` · `New_Horizons` · `Nicholas_Kemmer` · [[Nickel]] · `Niels_Bohr` · [[Nihonium]] · [[Niobium]] · `Nitride` · [[Nitrogen]] · [[Nobelium]] · [[Noble_gas]] · `Norman_Feather` · `Norman_Greenwood` · `Norman_Ramsey_Jr.` · `Norris_Bradbury` · `Nuclear-weapon-free_zone` · `Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission` · `Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents` · `Nuclear_arms_race` · `Nuclear_binding_energy` · `Nuclear_chain_reaction` · `Nuclear_chemistry` · `Nuclear_decommissioning` · `Nuclear_disarmament` · `Nuclear_energy_policy` · [[Nuclear_engineering]] · `Nuclear_ethics` · `Nuclear_explosion` · `Nuclear_fallout` · `Nuclear_fission` · `Nuclear_fission_product` · [[Nuclear_fuel]] · `Nuclear_fuel_cycle` · [[Nuclear_fusion]] · `Nuclear_material` · `Nuclear_medicine` · `Nuclear_meltdown` · `Nuclear_physics` · `Nuclear_power` · `Nuclear_power_by_country` · `Nuclear_power_debate` · `Nuclear_power_phase-out` · `Nuclear_power_plant` · `Nuclear_proliferation` · `Nuclear_propulsion` · `Nuclear_reactor` · `Nuclear_reactor_coolant` · `Nuclear_reprocessing` · `Nuclear_safety_and_security` · `Nuclear_technology` · `Nuclear_thermal_rocket` · `Nuclear_transmutation` · `Nuclear_warfare` · `Nuclear_weapon` · `Nuclear_weapon_design` · `Nuclear_weapon_yield` · `Nuclear_weapons_debate` · `Nuclear_weapons_delivery` · `Nuclear_weapons_testing` · `Nutrient_cycle` · `OK-150_reactor` · `OK-550_reactor` · `OK-650_reactor` · `Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee` · `Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory` · `Obninsk_Nuclear_Power_Plant` · [[Oganesson]] · `Oklo` · `Operation_Crossroads` · `Operation_Peppermint` · `Organic_Moderated_Reactor_Experiment` · `Organic_matter` · `Organic_nuclear_reactor` · `Organoactinide_chemistry` · `Organometallic_chemistry` · [[Osmium]] · `Otto_Hahn` · `Outline_of_nuclear_technology` · `Oxidation_state` · `Oxide` · [[Oxygen]] · `P-9_Project` · `PRISM_(reactor)` · `PUREX` · `Pacemaker` · `Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory` · [[Palladium]] · `Paul_Tibbets` · `Pearson_symbol` · `Pebble-bed_reactor` · `Perchloric_acid` · `Period_(periodic_table)` · `Period_1_element` · `Period_2_element` · `Period_3_element` · `Period_4_element` · `Period_5_element` · `Period_6_element` · `Period_7_element` · `Periodic_table` · `Perseverance_(rover)` · `Phase_(matter)` · [[Phase_transition]] · [[Phosphorus]] · [[Photon]] · `Physical_Review` · `Phénix` · `Picometre` · `Pit_(nuclear_weapon)` · [[Platinum]] · `Pluto` · `Pluto_(god)` · `Plutonium(III)_arsenide` · `Plutonium(III)_bromide` · `Plutonium(III)_chloride` · `Plutonium(III)_fluoride` · `Plutonium(III)_iodide` · `Plutonium(III)_oxide` · `Plutonium(III)_phosphide` · `Plutonium(IV)_oxide` · `Plutonium-238` · `Plutonium-239` · `Plutonium-240` · `Plutonium-241` · `Plutonium-242` · `Plutonium-244` · `Plutonium_carbide` · `Plutonium_compounds` · `Plutonium_dihydride` · `Plutonium_hexafluoride` · `Plutonium_in_the_environment` · `Plutonium_nitride` · `Plutonium_oxyfluoride` · `Plutonium_pentafluoride` · `Plutonium_selenide` · `Plutonium_sulfides` · `Plutonium_tetrachloride` · `Plutonium_tetrafluoride` · `Plutonium_trihydride` · `Plutonium_trioxide` · `Plutonium–gallium_alloy` · `Plutonyl_fluoride` · `Pnictogen` · `Poisson's_ratio` · [[Polonium]] · `Polywell` · `Positron_emission_tomography` · [[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Pressurized_heavy-water_reactor` · `Pressurized_water_reactor` · `Primordial_nuclide` · `Priscilla_Duffield` · `Project_Alberta` · `Project_Camel` · `Project_Y` · [[Promethium]] · [[Protactinium]] · [[Proton]] · `Proton_therapy` · `Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor` · `Przybylski's_Star` · `Pumpkin_bomb` · `Pyroelectric_fusion` · `Pyrophoricity` · `Quebec_Agreement` · `R-process` · `R4_nuclear_reactor` · `RBMK` · `RITM-200` · `RaLa_Experiment` · `RadBall` · `Radiation` · `Radiation_therapy` · `Radioactive_contamination` · [[Radioactive_decay]] · `Radioactive_waste` · `Radioisotope_heater_unit` · `Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator` · `Radiopharmacology` · `Radiosurgery` · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · `Ralph_Nader` · `Reactor-grade_plutonium` · `Redox` · `Reduced_moderation_water_reactor` · `Refractory_metals` · `Reprocessed_uranium` · `Reversed_field_pinch` · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · `Richard_Feynman` · `Richard_Garwin` · `Richard_Rhodes` · `Robert_Bacher` · `Robert_R._Wilson` · `Rocky_Flats_Plant` · `Roentgen_equivalent_man` · [[Roentgenium]] · `Room_temperature` · `Roscoe_Charles_Wilson` · `Royal_Society_of_Chemistry` · [[Rubidium]] · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · `S-1_Executive_Committee` · `S-50_(Manhattan_Project)` · `Salt_Wells_Pilot_Plant` · [[Samarium]] · `Savannah_River_Site` · [[Scandium]] · `Science_News` · `Scintigraphy` · `Scuba_diving` · [[Seaborgium]] · `Secular_equilibrium` · [[Selenium]] · `Self-diffusion` · `Shear_modulus` · `Sievert` · `Silicide` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · `Silverplate` · `Single-photon_emission_computed_tomography` · `Site_A` · `Skeleton` · `Small,_sealed,_transportable,_autonomous_reactor` · `Smyth_Report` · [[Sodium]] · `Sodium-cooled_fast_reactor` · `Solid` · `South_Carolina` · `Soviet_Union` · `Spacecraft` · `Special_Engineer_Detachment` · `Spectral_line` · `Speed_of_sound` · `Spent_fuel_pool` · `Spent_nuclear_fuel` · `Spheromak` · [[Spontaneous_fission]] · `Stable_salt_reactor` · `Stafford_L._Warren` · `Stainless_steel` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · `Stanisław_Ulam` · `Stellarator` · `Steven_Chu` · `Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute` · [[Strontium]] · [[Sulfur]] · `Supercritical_water_reactor` · `Supernova` · `Superphénix` · `Surface_tension` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · `THTR-300` · `TMSR-LF1` · `TNT_equivalent` · [[Tantalum]] · `Targeted_alpha-particle_therapy` · `Tarnish` · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · [[Thallium]] · `The_Great_Artiste` · `The_Making_of_the_Atomic_Bomb` · `Thermal_energy` · `Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)` · `Thomas_Farrell_(United_States_Army_officer)` · [[Thorium]] · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · `Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Tokamak` · `Tomotherapy` · `Tonne` · `Trace_element` · `Trace_radioisotope` · `Traveling_wave_reactor` · `Trinity_(nuclear_test)` · `Tritium` · `Tube_Alloys` · [[Tungsten]] · `Tungsten_carbide` · `UHTREX` · `UNGG_reactor` · `Unconventional_superconductor` · `Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing` · `United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission` · `United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency` · `United_States_Navy` · `United_States_Secretary_of_Energy` · `University_of_California,_Berkeley` · `University_of_Chicago` · [[Uranium]] · `Uranium-232` · `Uranium-233` · `Uranium-234` · `Uranium-235` · `Uranium-236` · `Uranium-238` · `Uranium_mining_debate` · `Uranus` · `VM_reactor` · `VT-1_reactor` · `VVER` · `Vacuum` · `Val_Logsdon_Fitch` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vannevar_Bush` · `Vapor_pressure` · [[Viscosity]] · `Voyager_program` · `WR-1` · `Washington_and_Lee_University` · `Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant` · [[Wayback_Machine]] · `Weapons-grade_nuclear_material` · `Welding` · `Wendover_Air_Force_Base` · `Wigner_effect` · `Wiley-Blackwell` · `Willard_Libby` · `William_L._Uanna` · `William_R._Purnell` · `William_Sterling_Parsons` · `Wired_(magazine)` · `World_War_II` · `X-10_Graphite_Reactor` · [[Xenon]] · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · `Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository` · `Z-pinch` · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]]
> **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 94.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Plutonium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium).
<!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) -->
## Key facts (infobox)
| | |
|---|---|
| Symbol - Z | Pu - 94 |
| Group - Period - Block | f - 7 - f-block |
| Atomic weight (Da) | [244] |
| Density (g/cm3) | 19.85 |
| Melting - Boiling (K) | 912.5 - 3501 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.28 |
| Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | <=3e-11 |
| Origin | from decay |
| Phase (STP) | solid |
| Name origin | Pluto, then counted a planet |
*Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).*
## Story
Plutonium was synthesized in 1940 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph W. Kennedy, and Arthur C. Wahl at UC Berkeley. It was named after Pluto, then considered the ninth planet (Uranus → uranium, Neptune → neptunium, Pluto → plutonium). Plutonium-239, the key isotope for nuclear weapons and reactors, is produced from uranium-238 via neutron capture in nuclear reactors. Plutonium-244, the longest-lived isotope, has a half-life of 80 million years.
Plutonium is a silvery, radioactive actinide metal that is extremely toxic. Unlike uranium, plutonium is fissile and can sustain a nuclear chain reaction, making it essential for nuclear weapons and certain reactor designs. The Manhattan Project during World War II separated plutonium-239 from irradiated uranium fuel and used it in the atomic bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Today, plutonium remains a critical material in global nuclear-weapons stockpiles and in advanced reactor development. [model-prior - verify]
In this corpus, plutonium embodies the full arc of the transuranium story: created by human ingenuity, weaponized in global conflict, and now a contested material at the intersection of energy security and nonproliferation. It is chemically knowable yet strategically fearsome.
## Corpus connections
Plutonium represents the threshold where nuclear chemistry becomes geopolitical. It is fissile, weaponizable, and deeply tied to the twentieth-century history of power and fear.
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub
- Centers of Excellence Portal
- [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School
- [Nuclear weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon) - plutonium-239 as the primary fissile material in weapons
- [Manhattan Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project) - synthesis and separation of plutonium in WWII
## Vocational-Technical Semiotics
The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Pu, group f, period 7), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it.
## Sources
Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment.
## Navigation
- Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Neptunium|Neptunium (93)]] - [[Americium|Americium (95)]]
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence
<!-- CRAFT-LINK:START g12 -->
*Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*
<!-- CRAFT-LINK:END -->
## Wikipedia : Wikitube
**Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Plutonium)
## Previous hub tags
Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]].
Legacy hubs: `GENERATIVE`.
---
*Sources: 2 legacy notes. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*