# Redundancy (engineering) ## MicroSim spec - **Recommended sim type:** reliability-block / parallel - **Microsimmability score:** 84/100 - **Layout:** drawing region (canvas) on top; control region (sliders/buttons) below. ### Parameters (tunable controls) - `Parallel units` - `Unit failure rate` - `Common-cause factor` ### What animates Parallel blocks carry load; system survival rises with added units but saturates as common-cause failures couple them. ### Learning objective Relate reliability gains and diminishing returns to redundancy level. ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Redundancy_(engineering).json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `14th_CMAS_Underwater_Photography_World_Championship` · `1973_Mount_Gambier_cave_diving_accident` · `1992_cageless_shark-diving_expedition` · `2026_Dhekunu_Kandu_cave_diving_incident` · `8A4-class_ROUV` · `AAI_underwater_revolver` · `ABISMO` · `ADS_amphibious_rifle` · `AIDA_Hellas` · `AIDA_International` · `AN/BLQ-11_Long-Term_Mine_Reconnaissance_System` · `APS_underwater_rifle` · `AP_Diving` · `ASM-DT_amphibious_rifle` · `Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh` · `Acrodynia` · `Activated_carbon` · `Adrian_Biddle` · `Advanced_Open_Water_Diver` · `Advanced_SEAL_Delivery_System` · `Aerosinusitis` · `Aerosol` · `Aerospace_Medical_Association` · `Agnes_Milowka` · `Air_embolism` · `Air_line` · `Aircraft` · `Airlift_(dredging_device)` · `Akihiko_Hoshide` · `Albert_A._Bühlmann` · `Albert_Falco` · `Albert_R._Behnke` · `Albert_Tillman` · `Alessia_Zecchini` · `Alexey_Molchanov` · `Alf_O._Brubakk` · `Allan_Bridge` · `Alpazat_cave_rescue` · `Alternative_air_source` · `Alternobaric_vertigo` · `Altitude_diving` · `Aluminaut` · `Ama_(diving)` · `Amelia_Behrens-Furniss` · `American_Academy_of_Underwater_Sciences` · `American_Canadian_Underwater_Certifications` · `American_Nitrox_Divers_International` · `American_submarine_NR-1` · `Anders_Franzén` · `Andreas_Mogensen` · `Andreas_Rechnitzer` · `Andrew_Abercromby` · `Andrew_J._Feustel` · `Andrew_Wight` · `Andy_Torbet` · `Anna_Marguerite_McCann` · `Annelie_Pompe` · `Anti-fog` · `Anxiety` · `Apeks` · `Aqua-Lung` · `Aqua_Lung/La_Spirotechnique` · `Aqua_Lung_America` · `Aquanaut` · `Aquarius_Reef_Base` · `Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)` · `Archaeology_of_shipwrecks` · `Archimède` · `Aristotelis_Zervoudis` · `Army_engineer_diver` · `Arne_Zetterström` · `Arthur_C._Clarke` · `Arthur_J._Bachrach` · `Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia` · `Artur_Kozłowski_(speleologist)` · `Asbestosis` · `Ascending_and_descending_(diving)` · `Asphyxia` · `Association_nationale_des_moniteurs_de_plongée` · `Association_of_Diving_Contractors_International` · `Atlantis_ROV_Team` · `Atmospheric_diving_suit` · `Atrial_septal_defect` · `Audrey_Mestre` · `Auguste_Denayrouze` · `Auguste_Piccard` · `Augustus_Siebe` · `Australian_Diver_Accreditation_Scheme` · `Australian_Underwater_Federation` · `Autonomous_diver` · [[Availability]] · `Avascular_necrosis` · `Avelo_diving_system` · `Avionics` · `Bailout_bottle` · `Barodontalgia` · `Barotrauma` · `Basic_Cave_Diving:_A_Blueprint_for_Survival` · `Bathyscaphe` · `Bathysphere` · `Ben_Cropp` · `Bernard_Delemotte` · `Berry_L._Cannon` · `Berylliosis` · `Beuchat` · `Bill_Nagle` · `Bill_Todd` · `Billy_Deans_(diver)` · `Biological_hazard` · `Bob_Behnken` · `Bob_Halstead` · `Bolt_snap` · `Booster_pump` · `Break_(work)` · `Break_room` · [[Breathing_gas]] · `Breathing_performance_of_regulators` · `Bret_Gilliam` · `Brian_Andrew_Hills` · `Brian_Kakuk` · `Brian_Skerry` · `British_Freediving_Association` · `British_Octopush_Association` · `British_Sub-Aqua_Club` · `British_Underwater_Sports_Association` · `Brucellosis` · `Buddy_breathing` · `Buddy_check` · `Buddy_diving` · `Built-in_breathing_system` · `Buoyancy_compensator_(diving)` · `Byford_Dolphin` · `Byssinosis` · `Byzantine_fault` · `Bühlmann_decompression_algorithm` · `CMAS**_scuba_diver` · `CMAS*_scuba_diver` · `CMAS_Europe` · `COTSBot` · `CUMA` · `CURV` · `Canadian_Armed_Forces_Divers` · `Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety` · `Candice_Farmer` · `Canoe_and_kayak_diving` · `Carbon_dioxide_scrubber` · `Carbon_monoxide_poisoning` · `Carlos_Coste` · `Cascade_filling_system` · `Catherine_Coleman` · `Cathy_Church` · `Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia` · `Cave_Diving_Group` · `Cave_diving` · `Chalicosis` · `Charles_Anthony_Deane` · `Charles_Momsen` · `Charles_Perrow` · `Charles_Spalding` · `Charles_T._Meide` · `Charles_Wesley_Shilling` · `Checklist` · `Chemical_hazard` · `Children_in_scuba_diving` · `Chimney_sweeps'_carcinoma` · `Chris_Hadfield` · `Christian_J._Lambertsen` · `Christopher_E._Gerty` · `Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy` · `Chronic_stress` · `Cis-Lunar` · `Civil_liability_in_recreational_diving` · `Claudia_Serpieri` · `Clayton_Anderson` · `Cleaning_and_disinfection_of_personal_diving_equipment` · `Clearance_Divers_Life_Support_Equipment` · `Clearance_Diving_Branch_(RAN)` · `Clearance_diver` · `Clive_Cussler` · `Cláudio_Coutinho` · `Code_of_practice` · `Cold_shock_response` · `Comando_Raggruppamento_Subacquei_e_Incursori_Teseo_Tesei` · `Combat_sidestroke` · `Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn` · `Commercial_diver_registration_in_South_Africa` · `Commercial_offshore_diving` · `Common_cause_and_special_cause_(statistics)` · `Compagnie_maritime_d'expertises` · `Competency-based_learning` · `Compression_arthralgia` · [[Computer_science]] · `Concussions_in_sport` · `Conflagration` · `Confédération_Mondiale_des_Activités_Subaquatiques` · `Constant_weight_bi-fins` · `Constant_weight_without_fins` · `Continent` · `Continental_Shelf_Station_Two` · `Contingency_plan` · `Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Underwater_Cultural_Heritage` · `Coral_Reef_Alliance` · `Cosmos_CE2F_series` · `Cotton_Coulson` · `Craig_B._Cooper` · `Craig_Challen` · `Craig_McKinley_(physician)` · `Cressi-Sub` · `Cristina_Zenato` · `DESCO` · `DIN_7876` · `DSRV-1_Mystic` · `DSRV-2_Avalon` · `DSV-5_Nemo` · `DSV_Alvin` · `DSV_Limiting_Factor` · `DSV_Sea_Cliff` · `DSV_Shinkai` · `DSV_Shinkai_2000` · `DSV_Shinkai_6500` · `DSV_Turtle` · `Dacor_(scuba_diving)` · `Dafydd_Williams` · `Danai_Varveri` · `Daniel_M._Tani` · `Data_center` · `Data_redundancy` · `Dave_Mullins_(freediver)` · `Dave_Shaw` · `David_Attenborough` · `David_Bright_(diver)` · `David_Doubilet` · `David_Gibbins` · `David_Gruber` · `David_Saint-Jacques` · `Davis_Submerged_Escape_Apparatus` · `Deafness` · `Death_of_Bradley_Westell` · `Death_of_Steve_Irwin` · `Deborah_Andollo` · `Decima_Flottiglia_MAS` · `Decompression_(diving)` · `Decompression_equipment` · `Decompression_illness` · `Decompression_practice` · `Decompression_sickness` · `Decompression_tables` · `Decompression_theory` · `Deep-sea_exploration` · `Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle` · `Deep-submergence_vehicle` · `Deep_Drone` · `Deep_diving` · `Deepsea_Challenger` · `Defence_Diving_School` · `Defense_against_swimmer_incursions` · `Degeneracy_(biology)` · `Demand_valve_oxygen_therapy` · `Deon_Dreyer` · `Department_of_Employment_and_Labour` · `Depth_gauge` · `Depth_perception` · `Devrim_Cenk_Ulusoy` · `Dewey_Smith` · `Diamond_Reef_System` · `Dick_Rutkowski` · `Distance_line` · `Dive_Xtras` · `Dive_boat` · `Dive_briefing` · `Dive_center` · `Dive_computer` · `Dive_leader` · `Dive_light` · `Dive_log` · `Dive_planning` · `Divemaster` · `Diver's_pump` · `Diver_communications` · `Diver_detection_sonar` · `Diver_down_flag` · `Diver_navigation` · `Diver_organisations` · `Diver_propulsion_vehicle` · `Diver_rescue` · `Diver_training` · `Diver_training_organization` · `Diver_training_standard` · `Diver_trim` · `Divers_Academy_International` · `Divers_Alert_Network` · `Divers_Institute_of_Technology` · `Diversnight` · `Divex` · `Diving_Diseases_Research_Centre` · `Diving_Medical_Advisory_Council` · `Diving_Science_and_Technology` · `Diving_Unlimited_International` · `Diving_activities` · `Diving_air_compressor` · `Diving_bell` · `Diving_chamber` · `Diving_cylinder` · `Diving_disorders` · `Diving_equipment` · `Diving_hazards` · `Diving_helmet` · `Diving_in_Timor-Leste` · `Diving_in_the_Maldives` · `Diving_in_the_Philippines` · `Diving_instructor` · `Diving_mask` · `Diving_medicine` · `Diving_physics` · `Diving_procedures` · `Diving_rebreather` · `Diving_reflex` · `Diving_regulations` · `Diving_regulator` · `Diving_safety` · `Diving_safety_officer` · `Diving_shot` · `Diving_suit` · `Diving_supervisor` · `Diving_support_equipment` · `Diving_support_vessel` · `Diving_team` · `Diving_watch` · `Diving_weighting_system` · `Doing_It_Right_(scuba_diving)` · `Dominic_Landucci` · `Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger` · `Dottie_Frazier` · `Doug_Allan` · `Douglas_H._Wheelock` · `Downline_(diving)` · `Drift_diving` · `Drill_Master_diving_accident` · `Drowning` · `Drug_policy` · `Dry_Combat_Submersible` · `Dry_suit` · `Dual_modular_redundancy` · `Duty_of_care` · `Dynamic_apnea` · `Dysbaric_osteonecrosis` · `Dysbarism` · `E._Lee_Spence` · `E._Yale_Dawson` · `ENOS_Rescue-System` · `Ear_clearing` · `Eduard_Admetlla_i_Lázaro` · `Edward_D._Thalmann` · `Effects_of_overtime` · `Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor` · `Elisabeth_Kristoffersen` · `Emergency_ascent` · `Emergency_evacuation` · `Emergency_locator_beacon` · `Emergency_procedure` · `Emma_Farrell_(freediver)` · `Emma_Hwang` · [[Engineering]] · `Environment,_health_and_safety` · `Environmental_health` · `Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving` · `Environmental_toxicology` · `Enzo_Maiorca` · `Equivalent_air_depth` · `Equivalent_narcotic_depth` · `Erethism` · `Ergonomics` · `Eric_Cheng` · `Ernest_William_Moir` · [[Error_detection_and_correction]] · `Esbjörn_Svensson` · `Escape_trunk` · `Eugenie_Clark` · `European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work` · `European_Diving_Technology_Committee` · `European_Underwater_Federation` · `European_Underwater_and_Baromedical_Society` · `Exposure_assessment` · `FNRS-2` · `FNRS-3` · `Faber_Industrie_S.p.A.` · `Fabien_Cousteau` · `Factor_of_safety` · `Fail-safe` · `Failure_rate` · `Farmer's_lung` · `Fatma_Uruk` · [[Fault_tolerance]] · `Federación_Española_de_Actividades_Subacuáticas` · `Federal_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health` · `Federazione_Italiana_Attività_Subacquee` · `Felix_Hoppe-Seyler` · `Fenzy` · `Fernando_Garfella_Palmer` · `Fiddler's_neck` · `Finger_Lakes_Underwater_Preserve_Association` · `Finning_techniques` · `Finswimming` · `Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program` · `First_aid` · `Fitness_to_dive` · `Flavia_Eberhard` · `Flock_worker's_lung` · `Flood` · `Fly-by-wire` · `Francis_P._Hammerberg` · `Francisco_Ferreras` · `François_de_Roubaix` · `Fred_M._Roberts` · `Freediving` · `Freediving_blackout` · `Freeflow` · `Frenzel_maneuver` · `Frogman` · `Frogman_Corps_(Denmark)` · `Fuerzas_Especiales` · `Fukuryu` · `Full-face_diving_mask` · `Fédération_Française_d'Études_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins` · `GRUMEC` · `Garrett_Reisman` · `Gary_Gentile` · `Gas_blending` · `Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving` · `George_Bass_(archaeologist)` · `George_F._Bond` · `George_R._Fischer` · `Georges_Beuchat` · `Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli` · `Glassblower's_cataract` · `Global_Explorer_ROV` · `Global_Positioning_System` · `Global_Underwater_Explorers` · `Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology` · `Goldfinder` · `Goldfish-class_ROUV` · `Golfer's_elbow` · `Goran_Čolak` · `Gordon_Smith_(inventor)` · `Graham_Balcombe` · `Graham_Jessop` · `Green_Fins` · `Gregory_Chamitoff` · `Guillaume_Néry` · `Gunter_Schöbel` · `Guy_Garman` · `Guybon_Chesney_Castell_Damant` · `Gyrojet` · `HMS_Challenger_(K07)` · `HMS_Royal_George_(1756)` · `Haenyeo` · `Halcyon_PVR-BASC` · `Halcyon_RB80` · `Haldane's_decompression_model` · `Hannes_Keller` · `Hans_Hass` · `Hans_Hass_Award` · `Hawaiian_sling` · `Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster` · `Hazard` · `Hazard_analysis` · `Hazard_elimination` · `Hazard_substitution` · `Hazmat_diving` · `Health_and_Safety_Executive` · `Health_physics` · `Hearing_loss` · `Heckler_&_Koch_P11` · `Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper` · `Heinke_(diving_equipment_manufacturer)` · `HeinrichsWeikamp` · `Helgoland_Habitat` · `Helicopter_Aircrew_Breathing_Device` · `Heliox` · `Helium_analyzer` · `Helium_release_valve` · `Helix_Energy_Solutions_Group` · `Henry_Fleuss` · `Henry_Valence_Hempleman` · `Henry_Way_Kendall` · `Herbert_Nitsch` · `Hervé_Stevenin` · `Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls` · `High-pressure_nervous_syndrome` · `Hillary_Hauser` · `History_of_Diving_Museum` · `History_of_decompression_research_and_development` · `History_of_scuba_diving` · `History_of_underwater_diving` · `Honor_Frost` · `Hopcalite` · `Hospital-acquired_infection` · `Hostile_work_environment` · `Hot_stab` · `Hugh_Bradner` · `Human_error` · `Human_factors_in_diving_equipment_design` · `Human_factors_in_diving_safety` · `Human_torpedo` · `Hydreliox` · `Hydrogen_narcosis` · `Hydrostatic_test` · `Hydrox_(breathing_gas)` · `Hyperbaric_evacuation_and_rescue` · `Hyperbaric_medicine` · `Hyperbaric_nursing` · `Hyperbaric_stretcher` · `Hyperbaric_treatment_schedules` · `Hyperbaric_welding` · `Hypercapnia` · `Hyperoxia` · `Hyperthermia` · `Hypocapnia` · `Hypothermia` · `IDA71` · `ISO_45001` · `Ian_Edward_Fraser` · `Ice_diving` · `Ictineu_3` · `Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health` · `In-water_recompression` · `In-water_surface_cleaning` · `Incident_pit` · `Incompetence` · `Index_of_recreational_dive_sites` · `Index_of_underwater_divers` · `Index_of_underwater_diving` · `Indium_lung` · `Indoor_air_quality` · [[Industrial_engineering]] · `Inner_ear_decompression_sickness` · `Innes_McCartney` · `Instinctive_drowning_response` · `International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers` · `International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers` · `International_Diving_Regulators_and_Certifiers_Forum` · `International_Diving_Schools_Association` · `International_Labour_Organization` · `International_Life_Saving_Federation` · `International_Marine_Contractors_Association` · `International_Scuba_Diving_Hall_of_Fame` · `International_Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_Liaison_Office` · `Interspiro_DCSC` · `Introductory_diving` · `Investigation_of_diving_accidents` · `Isobaric_counterdiffusion` · `Israeli_Diving_Federation` · `Istituto_nazionale_per_l'assicurazione_contro_gli_infortuni_sul_lavoro` · `Ivan_Tors` · `J._Lamar_Worzel` · `JAGO_(German_research_submersible)` · `JIM_suit` · `Jack_Sheppard_(cave_diver)` · `Jackstay` · `Jacques_Cousteau` · `Jacques_Mayol` · `Jacques_Triger` · `Jagdkommando` · `James_Cameron` · `James_F._Cahill` · `James_Joseph_Magennis` · `James_P._Delgado` · `James_Talacek` · `Jarrod_Jablonski` · `Jason_deCaires_Taylor` · `Jean-Michel_Cousteau` · `Jeanette_Epps` · `Jeffrey_Bozanic` · `Jeffrey_Williams_(astronaut)` · `Jeremy_Hansen` · `Jerónimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaumont` · `Jessica_Meir` · `Jiaolong_(submersible)` · `Jill_Heinerth` · `Jim_Bowden_(diver)` · `Jim_Jones_(American_football,_born_1935)` · `Joachim_Wendler` · `Job_safety_analysis` · `Job_strain` · `Jochen_Hasenmayer` · `Joe_Savoie` · `John_Bennett_(diver)` · `John_Bevan_(diver)` · `John_Chatterton` · `John_Christopher_Fine` · `John_D._Craig` · `John_D._Olivas` · `John_Day_(carpenter)` · `John_Deane_(inventor)` · `John_Ernest_Williamson` · `John_Herrington` · `John_Lethbridge` · `John_Mattera` · `John_Morgan_Wells` · `John_Peter_Oleson` · `John_R._Clarke_(scientist)` · `John_Rawlins_(Royal_Navy_officer)` · `John_Scott_Haldane` · `John_Veltri` · `John_Volanthen` · `Johnson_Outdoors` · `Johnson_Sea_Link_accident` · `Jon_Lindbergh` · `Jonathan_Bird` · `Jonathan_Dory` · `Josef_Schmid_(flight_surgeon)` · `Josef_Velek` · `Joseph-Martin_Cabirol` · `Joseph_B._MacInnis` · `Joseph_M._Acaba` · `Joseph_Salim_Peress` · `José_M._Hernández` · `Justin_Brown_(aquanaut)` · `K._Megan_McArthur` · `KOPASKA` · `Kaikō_ROV` · `Karen_Kohanowich` · `Karen_Nyberg` · `Karl_Heinrich_Klingert` · `Karol_Meyer` · `Karst_Underwater_Research` · `Kate_Middleton_(free-diver)` · `Kateryna_Sadurska` · `Kathleen_Rubins` · `Kaşif_ROUV` · `Keith_Jessop` · `Kenneth_William_Donald` · `Kimiya_Yui` · `Kirsty_MacColl` · `Kjell_N._Lindgren` · `Koichi_Wakata` · `Konsul-class_submersible` · `Kronan_(ship)` · `Krzysztof_Starnawski` · `LR5` · `LR7` · `La_Belle_(ship)` · `Laboratory_animal_allergy` · `Lambertsen_Amphibious_Respiratory_Unit` · `Laryngospasm` · `Lead_poisoning` · `Leigh_Bishop` · `Leni_Riefenstahl` · `Leonardo_D'Imporzano` · `Les_Kaufman` · `Life-support_system` · `Lifting_bag` · `Lightning` · `Limpet_mine` · `Line_marker` · `Lionel_Crabb` · `List_of_Divers_Alert_Network_publications` · `List_of_diver_certification_organizations` · `List_of_diving_environments_by_type` · `List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers` · `List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions` · `List_of_legislation_regulating_underwater_diving` · `List_of_military_diving_units` · `List_of_occupational_safety_and_health_agencies` · `List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving` · `List_of_signs_and_symptoms_of_diving_disorders` · `List_of_wreck_diving_sites` · `Liv_Philip` · `Liveaboard` · `Lockout–tagout` · `London_Diving_Chamber_Dive_Lectures` · `Louis_Boutan` · `Louis_de_Corlieu` · `Low_back_pain` · `Low_impact_diving` · `Loïc_Leferme` · `Luca_Parmitano` · `Luis_Marden` · `Lyons_Maritime_Museum` · `Lyuba_Ognenova-Marinova` · `MARCOS` · `MSM-1` · `Magnesium_torch` · `Man_in_the_Sea_Museum` · `Mandy-Rae_Cruickshank` · `Marc_Reagan` · `Mares_(scuba_equipment)` · `Margaret_Rule` · `Marine_Commandos` · `Marine_Raider_Regiment` · `Marine_construction` · `Marinejegerkommandoen` · `Mark_Ellyatt` · `Mark_Hulsbeck` · `Mark_IV_Amphibian` · `Mark_M._Newell` · `Mark_T._Vande_Hei` · `Martyn_Farr` · `Mary_Bonnin` · `Mary_Rose` · `Master_Scuba_Diver` · `Master_diver_(United_States_Navy)` · `Matthias_Maurer` · `Maurice_Fargues` · `Maurice_Fernez` · `Maximum_operating_depth` · `McCann_Rescue_Chamber` · `Mean_time_between_failures` · `Mechanism_of_diving_regulators` · `Media_diving` · `Mehgan_Heaney-Grier` · `Membrane_gas_separation` · `Mendel_L._Peterson` · `Mensun_Bound` · `Mesothelioma` · `Messenger_line` · `Metal_fume_fever` · `Metre_sea_water` · `Michael_Arbuthnot` · `Michael_Barratt_(astronaut)` · `Michael_Board` · `Michael_C._Barnette` · `Michael_Fincke` · `Michael_L._Gernhardt` · `Michael_López-Alegría` · `Michele_Westmorland` · `Middle_ear_barotrauma` · `Milan_Dufek` · `Military_diving` · `Minedykkerkommandoen` · `Minentaucher` · `Mini_Rover_ROV` · `Mir_(submersible)` · `Mission_31` · `Mk_1_Underwater_Defense_Gun` · `Modulated_ultrasound` · `Molecular_sieve` · `Momsen_lung` · `Monofin` · `Monty_Halls` · `Moon_pool` · `Morse_Diving` · `Motion_sickness` · `Motorised_Submersible_Canoe` · `Muck_diving` · `Mule_spinners'_cancer` · `Muscle_memory` · `Myriam_Seco` · `Mystic-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle` · `NATO_Submarine_Rescue_System` · `NIOSH_air_filtration_rating` · `NOAA_Diving_Manual` · `NOGI_Awards` · `Namibian_Marine_Corps` · `Natalia_Molchanova` · `Nataliia_Zharkova` · `National_Academy_of_Scuba_Educators` · `National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors` · `National_Board_of_Diving_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Technology` · `National_Day_of_Mourning_(Canadian_observance)` · `National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health` · `National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work` · `National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration` · `National_Speleological_Society` · `Natural_disaster` · `Nautical_Archaeology_Program` · `Nautical_Archaeology_Society` · `Nautile` · `Nautilus_Productions` · `Naval_Air_Command_Sub_Aqua_Club` · `Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)` · `Naval_Service_Diving_Section` · `Naval_Special_Operations_Command` · `Naval_Submarine_Medical_Research_Laboratory` · `Naval_Support_Activity_Panama_City` · `Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)` · `Neal_W._Pollock` · `Necker_Nymph` · `Nederlandse_Onderwatersport_Bond` · `Nemrod` · `Neutral_Buoyancy_Laboratory` · `Neutral_Buoyancy_Simulator` · `Neutral_buoyancy` · `Neutral_buoyancy_pool` · `Neutral_buoyancy_simulation_as_a_training_aid` · `Neville_Coleman` · `Newtsuit` · `Nicholas_Mevoli` · `Nicholas_Patrick` · `Nicole_Stott` · `Night_diving` · `Nikonos` · [[Nitrogen_narcosis]] · `Nitrox` · `No-limits_apnea` · `Noel_Monkman` · `Noise-induced_hearing_loss` · `Non-freezing_cold_injury` · `Nondestructive_testing` · `Nordic_Deep` · `Norishige_Kanai` · `Normal_Accidents` · `Nuno_Gomes_(diver)` · `OHSAS_18001` · `Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)` · `Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration` · `Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Convention,_1981` · `Occupational_asthma` · `Occupational_burnout` · `Occupational_cardiovascular_disease` · `Occupational_disease` · `Occupational_epidemiology` · `Occupational_exposure_limit` · `Occupational_hazard` · `Occupational_health_nursing` · `Occupational_health_psychology` · `Occupational_hygiene` · `Occupational_injury` · `Occupational_medicine` · `Occupational_safety_and_health` · `Occupational_stress` · `Occupational_therapist` · `Ocean_current` · `Oceanic_Worldwide` · `Octopus_wrestling` · `Offshore_construction` · `Open-water_diving` · `OpenROV` · `Open_Water_Diver` · `Operational_Diving_Division_(SA_Navy)` · `Operations_manual` · `Orinasal_mask` · `Oscar_Gugen` · `Outline_of_recreational_dive_sites` · `Outline_of_underwater_divers` · `Outline_of_underwater_diving` · `Overconfidence_effect` · `Overlearning` · `Overwork` · [[Oxygen]] · `Oxygen_compatibility` · `Oxygen_therapy` · `Oxygen_toxicity` · `Oxygen_window` · `Panic` · `Pascal_Bernabé` · `Patrick_Musimu` · `Paul_Bert` · `Paul_Hill_(flight_director)` · `Paul_Rose_(TV_presenter)` · `Paxos_(computer_science)` · `Pearl_hunting` · `Pearling_in_Western_Australia` · `Pedro_Duque` · `Peggy_Whitson` · `Penetration_diving` · `Peppo_Biscarini` · `Performance_Freediving_International` · `Personal_protective_equipment` · `Pete_Oxford` · `Peter_B._Bennett` · `Peter_Gimbel` · `Peter_Kreeft_(diver)` · `Peter_Scoones` · `Peter_Throckmorton` · `Philippe_Cousteau` · `Philippe_Diolé` · `Philippe_Tailliez` · `Phossy_jaw` · `Physical_hazard` · `Physiology_of_decompression` · `Pierre-Marie_Touboulic` · `Pierre_Frolla` · `Pierre_Petit_(photographer)` · `Pigging` · `Pilar_Luna` · `Pisces-class_deep_submergence_vehicle` · `Pneumoconiosis` · `Polespear` · `Police_diving` · `Pony_bottle` · `Porpoise_(scuba_gear)` · `Potable_water_diving` · `Potty_parity` · `Potty_parity_in_the_United_States` · `PowerSwim` · `Power_outage` · `Power_supply` · `Power_supply_unit_(computer)` · `Powerhead_(firearm)` · `Pressure_swing_adsorption` · `Pressure_washing` · `Prevention_through_design` · `Priz-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle` · `Process_safety` · `Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors` · `Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation` · `Professional_Technical_and_Recreational_Diving` · `Professional_diving` · `Psychosocial_hazard` · `Public_health` · `Public_safety_diving` · `Pyle_stop` · `QBS-06` · `Quality_of_working_life` · `Queen_Anne's_Revenge` · `Quintana_Roo_Speleological_Survey` · `R-2_Mala-class_swimmer_delivery_vehicle` · `RMS_Lusitania` · `ROV_KIEL_6000` · `ROV_PHOCA` · `RV_Calypso` · `Radiation_hardening` · `Radium_jaw` · `Raid_on_Alexandria_(1941)` · `Ramón_Bravo` · `Randolph_Bresnik` · `Ratio_decompression` · `Rebreather_Association_of_International_Divers` · `Rebreather_diving` · `Recreational_Dive_Planner` · `Recreational_dive_sites` · `Recreational_diver_course_referral` · `Recreational_diver_training` · `Recreational_diving` · `Recreational_scuba_certification_levels` · `Reduced_gradient_bubble_model` · `Reef_Check` · `Reef_Life_Survey` · `Reid_Wiseman` · `Reliability_(computer_networking)` · [[Reliability_engineering]] · `Reliability_theory_of_aging_and_longevity` · `Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle` · `René_Cavalero` · `Repetitive_strain_injury` · `Rescue_Diver` · `Rex_J._Walheim` · `Ric_Frazier` · `Ricardo_Armbruster` · `Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)` · `Richard_Pyle` · `Richard_R._Arnold` · `Richie_Kohler` · `Rick_Stanton` · `Right_to_sit` · `Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States` · `Risk_assessment` · `Risk_control` · `Risk_management` · `Rob_Stewart_(filmmaker)` · `Robert_A._Barth` · `Robert_Ballard` · `Robert_Boyle` · `Robert_Croft_(diver)` · `Robert_F._Marx` · `Robert_Sheats` · `Robert_Sténuit` · `Robert_Thirsk` · `Robert_William_Hamilton_Jr.` · `Robin_Cook_(American_novelist)` · [[Robustness_(computer_science)]] · `Rodney_Fox` · `Ron_Taylor_(diver)` · `Ronald_J._Garan_Jr.` · `Royal_Australian_Navy_School_of_Underwater_Medicine` · `Royal_Engineers` · `Royal_Navy_ships_diver` · `Rubicon_Foundation` · `Rule_of_thirds_(diving)` · `Russian_commando_frogmen` · `Russian_deep_submergence_rescue_vehicle_AS-28` · `Russian_submarine_AS-34` · `Russian_submarine_Losharik` · `SEALAB` · `SEAL_Delivery_Vehicle` · `SJT-class_ROUV` · `SP-350_Denise` · `SPP-1_underwater_pistol` · `SRV-300` · `SS_Commodore` · `SS_Egypt` · `SS_Laurentic_(1908)` · `Safe_Work_Australia` · `Safety-critical_system` · `Safety_culture` · `Safety_data_sheet` · [[Safety_engineering]] · `Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome` · `Salvage_diving` · `Samir_Alhafith` · `Sandra_Magnus` · `Sappers_Divers_Group` · `Sara_Campbell` · `Satoshi_Furukawa` · `Saturation_diving` · `Saturation_diving_system` · `Save_Ontario_Shipwrecks` · `Science_of_underwater_diving` · `Scientific_diving` · `Scorpio_ROV` · `Scott_Carpenter` · `Scott_Carpenter_Space_Analog_Station` · `Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)` · `Scuba_Diving_International` · `Scuba_Educators_International` · `Scuba_Schools_International` · `Scuba_cylinder_valve` · `Scuba_diving` · `Scuba_diving_fatalities` · `Scuba_diving_in_the_Cayman_Islands` · `Scuba_diving_therapy` · `Scuba_diving_tourism` · `Scuba_gas_management` · `Scuba_gas_planning` · `Scuba_manifold` · `Scuba_set` · `Scuba_skills` · `SeaKeys` · `SeaPerch` · `Sea_Dragon-class_ROV` · `Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe` · `Sea_Research_Society` · `Seabed_mining` · `Seabed_tractor` · `Seafox_drone` · `Serena_Auñón-Chancellor` · `Shadow_Divers` · `Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible` · `Shannon_Walker` · `Shark_tourism` · `Shayetet_13` · `Shearwater_Research` · `Sheck_Exley` · `Ships_husbandry` · `Sidemount_diving` · `Siebe_Gorman` · `Siebe_Gorman_CDBA` · `Siebe_Gorman_Salvus` · `Silica_gel` · `Silicosis` · `Silt_out` · `Siluro_San_Bartolomeo` · `Silver_Bridge` · `Simon_Mitchell` · `Simone_Arrigoni` · `Simone_Melchior` · `Single_point_of_failure` · `Sinking_of_MV_Conception` · `Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior` · `Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites` · `Situation_awareness` · `Skandalopetra_diving` · `Skill_assessment` · `Snorkel_(swimming)` · `Snorkeling` · `Snuba` · `Society_for_Underwater_Historical_Research` · `Society_for_Underwater_Technology` · `Solo_diving` · `Sonar` · `Source_control_(respiratory_disease)` · `South_African_Underwater_Sports_Federation` · `South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society` · `Space_Shuttle` · `Space_Systems_Laboratory_(Maryland)` · `Spearfishing` · `Speargun` · `Special_Actions_Detachment` · `Special_Air_Service` · `Special_Air_Service_Regiment` · `Special_Boat_Service` · `Special_Boat_Squadron_(Sri_Lanka)` · `Special_Forces_Command_(Turkey)` · `Special_Forces_Group_(Belgium)` · `Special_Operations_Battalion_(Croatia)` · `Special_Service_Group_(Navy)` · `Special_Warfare_Diving_and_Salvage` · `Sponge_diving` · `Sport_diving_(sport)` · `Sports_injury` · `Stan_Waterman` · `Standard_diving_dress` · `Standard_operating_procedure` · `Star_Canopus_diving_accident` · `Static_apnea` · `Steinke_hood` · `Stena_Seaspread_diving_accident` · `Stephanie_Schwabe` · `Stephen_Frink` · `Stephen_Keenan` · `Steve_Chappell` · `Steve_Irwin` · `Steve_Lewis_(diver)` · `Steve_Parish_(photographer)` · `Steve_Squyres` · `Stig_Severinsen` · `Stress_exposure_training` · `Stéphane_Mifsud` · `Sub-Aqua_Association` · `Sub_Marine_Explorer` · `Submarine_Escape_Immersion_Equipment` · `Submarine_Escape_Training_Facility_(Australia)` · `Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_system_(Royal_Swedish_Navy)` · `Submarine_Products` · `Submarine_Rescue_Diving_Recompression_System` · `Submarine_escape_training_facility` · `Submarine_pipeline` · `Submarine_rescue` · `Submarine_rescue_ship` · `Subskimmer` · `Sunita_Williams` · `Supervised_diver` · `Surface-supplied_diving` · `Surface-supplied_diving_equipment` · `Surface-supplied_diving_skills` · `Surface_marker_buoy` · `Surfer's_ear` · `Suspension_bridge` · `Sustained_load_cracking` · `Suunto` · `Swedish_warship_Mars` · `Swietenia_Puspa_Lestari` · `Swimfin` · `Swimming-induced_pulmonary_edema` · `Swimming_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_underwater_swimming` · `Sydney_Knowles` · `Sylvia_Earle` · [[System]] · [[Systems_theory]] · `T1200_Trenching_Unit` · `Tactical_Divers_Group` · `Takuya_Onishi` · `Tamara_Benitez` · `Tanya_Streeter` · `Tara_Ruttley` · `Taravana` · `Task_loading` · `Teaching_method` · `Technical_Diving_International` · `Technical_diving` · `Ted_Eldred` · `Tektite_habitat` · `Tennis_elbow` · `Teseo_Tesei` · `Testing_and_inspection_of_diving_cylinders` · `Thalmann_algorithm` · `Tham_Luang_cave_rescue` · `The_Darkness_Beckons` · `The_Diver` · `The_Last_Dive` · `The_Silent_World:_A_Story_of_Undersea_Discovery_and_Adventure` · `Thermal_balance_of_the_underwater_diver` · `Thermal_lance` · `Thermodynamic_model_of_decompression` · `Thomas_Marshburn` · `Thomas_Pesquet` · `Tim_Peake` · `Timeline_of_diving_technology` · `Timothy_Creamer` · `Timothy_J._Broderick` · `Timothy_Kopra` · `Tinnitus` · `Tom_Mount` · `Tom_Sietas` · `Tornado` · `Torricellian_chamber` · `Towboard` · `Toxic_tort` · `Toxic_workplace` · `Tremie` · `Trevor_Hampton` · `Trevor_Jackson_(diver)` · [[Trimix_(breathing_gas)]] · `Trimix_Scuba_Association` · `Triple_modular_redundancy` · `Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation` · `Twisted_pair` · `Two_Generals'_Problem` · `U.S._Navy_Diving_Manual` · `UNGERIN` · `URF_(Swedish_Navy)` · `USS_Monitor` · `US_Navy_decompression_models_and_tables` · `Umberto_Pelizzari` · `Uncontrolled_decompression` · `Undersea_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Society` · `Underwater_Archaeology_Branch,_Naval_History_&_Heritage_Command` · `Underwater_Bike_Race` · `Underwater_Construction_Teams` · `Underwater_Demolition_Command` · `Underwater_Demolition_Team` · `Underwater_Escape_Training_Unit` · `Underwater_Hockey_World_Championships` · `Underwater_Orienteering_World_Championships` · `Underwater_Rugby_World_Championships` · `Underwater_Society_of_America` · `Underwater_acoustic_communication` · `Underwater_acoustic_positioning_system` · `Underwater_acoustics` · `Underwater_archaeology` · `Underwater_breathing_apparatus` · `Underwater_computer_vision` · `Underwater_construction` · `Underwater_cutting_and_welding` · `Underwater_cycling` · `Underwater_demolition` · `Underwater_diving` · `Underwater_diving_emergency` · `Underwater_diving_environment` · `Underwater_diving_in_Guam` · `Underwater_domain_awareness` · `Underwater_environment` · `Underwater_exploration` · `Underwater_firearm` · `Underwater_football` · `Underwater_habitat` · `Underwater_hockey` · `Underwater_hockey_in_Australia` · `Underwater_hockey_in_Turkey` · `Underwater_logging` · `Underwater_orienteering` · `Underwater_photography` · `Underwater_photography_(sport)` · `Underwater_rugby` · `Underwater_rugby_in_the_United_States` · `Underwater_search_and_recovery` · `Underwater_searches` · `Underwater_sports` · `Underwater_survey` · `Underwater_target_shooting` · `Underwater_vehicle` · `Underwater_videography` · `Underwater_vision` · `Underwater_work` · `United_Diving_Instructors` · `United_States_Marine_Corps_Combatant_Diver_Course` · `United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance` · `United_States_Marine_Corps_Reconnaissance_Battalions` · `United_States_Navy_Experimental_Diving_Unit` · `United_States_Navy_SEALs` · `United_States_military_divers` · `Valerie_Taylor_(diver)` · `Valerie_van_Heest` · `Valsalva_maneuver` · `Varying_Permeability_Model` · `Vasa_(ship)` · `Vertical_Blue` · `Victor_Berge` · `VideoRay_UROVs` · `Vintage_scuba` · `Waage_Drill_II_diving_accident` · `Wall_diving` · `Walter_Steyn` · `Water_polo_cap` · `Water_safety` · `Water_surface_searches` · `Welfreighter` · `Western_Norway_University_of_Applied_Sciences` · `Wet_Nellie` · `Wet_sub` · `Wetsuit` · `Whydah_Gally` · `Wildrake_diving_accident` · `Willard_Franklyn_Searle` · `Willful_violation` · `William_Beebe` · `William_Hogarth_Main` · `William_Paul_Fife` · `William_R._Royal` · `William_Stone_(caver)` · `William_Trubridge` · `Women_Divers_Hall_of_Fame` · `Woodville_Karst_Plain_Project` · `Work_of_breathing` · `Worker_Protection_Standard` · `Workers'_compensation` · `Workers'_right_to_access_the_toilet` · `Working_Environment_(Air_Pollution,_Noise_and_Vibration)_Convention,_1977` · `Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19` · `Workplace_health_promotion` · `Workplace_health_surveillance` · `World_Health_Organization` · `World_Recreational_Scuba_Training_Council` · `Wreck_diving` · `Writer's_cramp` · `YMCA_SCUBA_Program` · `Yasemin_Dalkılıç` · `Yuri_Gagarin_Cosmonaut_Training_Center` · `Yves_Le_Prieur` · `ZFS` · `Zale_Parry` · `Émile_Gagnan` · `Épaulard` · `Şahika_Ercümen` > p5.js MicroSim stub · part of System Quality Attributes · [Wikipedia source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_%28engineering%29) > Relation: subfield of system quality attributes. ## Concept summary Redundancy duplicates critical components so the [[System|system]] survives individual failures, trading cost and [[Complexity|complexity]] for reliability. ## Build checklist - [ ] Claim it: set `status: in-progress` + `lease` + `leased_at` - [ ] Write the child page explaining the concept (tie it back to system quality attributes) - [ ] Finalize parameter ranges and defaults - [ ] Implement the p5.js sketch (drawing + control regions) - [ ] Add caption + the learning objective on the page - [ ] Set `status: done` ## p5.js sketch ```javascript // MicroSim: Redundancy (engineering) let controls = {}; function setup() { // createCanvas(...); create sliders for the parameters above. } function draw() { // background(...); read controls; render reliability-block / parallel; respond live. } ``` --- Back to System Quality Attributes · Wikipedia: [Redundancy (engineering)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_%28engineering%29) --- <!-- SEMIOTIC-PROFILE:START --> ## Semiotic profile > *The semiotic universals this article invokes, machine-derived from the crossref — **unverified** (born so). Populated 2026-07-06 for the Systems room.* **Universals (2):** 🟡 system (8) · 🟢 saturation (1) **Enter by sign:** Systems Semiotic Gateway · Alphabetum · Icon Registry · ← Systems Portal <!-- SEMIOTIC-PROFILE:END --> ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_%28engineering%29) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Redundancy_%28engineering%29) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Reliability_engineering]] · [[Systems_theory]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*