# Samarium ## 🧊 Samarium · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Sm&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Samarium"></iframe> *Samarium in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Sm) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Samarium plate.svg *Plate 62 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - Samarium-cobalt magnet - high-temperature permanent magnets - Rare-earth element - lanthanide chemistry and geological concentration - Ion-exchange chromatography - separation technique for lanthanides - Fiber-optic amplifier - erbium-doped and samarium-doped designs ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Samarium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` · [[Actinium]] · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Annulation` · `Antiferromagnetism` · [[Antimony]] · [[Argon]] · [[Arsenic]] · [[Astatine]] · `Astrophysics` · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · `Australia` · `Band_gap` · `Bar_(unit)` · `Barbier_reaction` · [[Barium]] · `Barn_(unit)` · `Bastnäsite` · `Becquerel` · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Beta_decay]] · [[Bismuth]] · `Block_(periodic_table)` · `Bohr_magneton` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · 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`Phonon` · `Phosphor` · [[Phosphorus]] · `Picometre` · [[Platinum]] · [[Plutonium]] · `Pnictogen` · `Poisson's_ratio` · [[Polonium]] · `Polychlorinated_biphenyl` · [[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Primordial_nuclide` · [[Promethium]] · `Prostate_cancer` · [[Protactinium]] · `Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry` · [[Quantum_computing]] · [[Radioactive_decay]] · `Radiography` · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · `Reducing_agent` · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · [[Roentgenium]] · `Room_temperature` · [[Rubidium]] · `Russia` · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · `Salt_metathesis_reaction` · `Samarium(II)_bromide` · `Samarium(II)_chloride` · `Samarium(II)_fluoride` · `Samarium(II)_iodide` · `Samarium(III)_acetate` · `Samarium(III)_antimonide` · `Samarium(III)_arsenide` · `Samarium(III)_bromide` · `Samarium(III)_chloride` · `Samarium(III)_fluoride` · `Samarium(III)_iodide` · `Samarium(III)_nitride` · `Samarium(III)_oxide` · `Samarium(III)_sulfide` · `Samarium-147` · `Samarium_(153Sm)_lexidronam` · `Samarium_monochalcogenides` · `Samarium_monosulfide` · `Samarium_oxyfluoride` · `Samarium–cobalt_magnet` · `Samarium–neodymium_dating` · `Samarskite-(Y)` · [[Scandium]] · [[Seaborgium]] · `Selenide` · [[Selenium]] · `Semiconductor` · `Sesquioxide` · `Shear_modulus` · `Sigma-Aldrich` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · `Sintering` · [[Sodium]] · `Sodium_chloride` · `Solar_power` · `Solid` · `Solid-state_laser` · `Space_group` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Speed_of_sound` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · [[Strontium]] · [[Sulfur]] · `Sulfuric_acid` · [[Superconductivity]] · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · [[Tantalum]] · `Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration` · [[Technetium]] · `Technical_Physics_Letters` · `Telluride_(chemistry)` · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · `Tetragonal_crystal_system` · `Tetrahydrofuran` · [[Thallium]] · `Thermoelectric_generator` · [[Thorium]] · [[Thulium]] · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Tonne` · `Topological_insulator` · `Trace_radioisotope` · `Trade_name` · [[Tungsten]] · `Ultraviolet` · `Ural_Mountains` · [[Uranium]] · `Uranocene` · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor_pressure` · `Vassili_Samarsky-Bykhovets` · `Vickers_hardness_test` · `Volatility_(chemistry)` · [[Wayback_Machine]] · `X-ray_laser` · [[Xenon]] · `Xenon-135` · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]] · `Zone_melting` > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 62.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Samarium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | Sm - 62 | | Group - Period - Block | f - 6 - f-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 150.36 | | Density (g/cm3) | 7.52 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 1345 - 2067 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.17 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 7.05 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | samarskite, after mine official V. Samarsky-Bykhovets | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Samarium was discovered in 1879 by Paul-Émile François Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who isolated it from the mineral samarskite, itself named after the Russian mining official V. E. Samarsky-Bykhovets [model-prior - verify]. It is the second member of the rare-earth lanthanide series and was historically difficult to separate from its chemically similar neighbors, a challenge that wasn't fully resolved until the 20th century with ion-exchange chromatography. The element is a silver-colored metal with pronounced magnetic properties. It forms the core of samarium-cobalt (SmCo) permanent magnets, among the strongest synthetic magnets known, which remain stable at high temperatures [model-prior - verify]. These magnets have been essential in aerospace, military, and medical applications for decades. Samarium's optical properties also make it valuable in laser-active media and as a dopant in optical amplifiers for fiber-optic telecommunications. Samarium belongs to the Ytterby group—four rare-earth elements (terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium) discovered from a single small quarry near the village of Ytterby, Sweden in the 18th and 19th centuries. This cluster of rare earths speaks to the corpus's interest in where elements concentrate geologically and how their chemistry opens industrial pathways. ## Corpus connections - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - Space Mining In Minnesota - rare-earth extraction and processing - History of Mining in Minnesota - critical-materials strategy for emerging industries ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Sm, group f, period 6), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Promethium|Promethium (61)]] - [[Europium|Europium (63)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Samarium) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*