Signal_processing - Wikiparency

# Signal processing  ## Microsims — three.js (build targets) The three.js gallery for this room is commissioned, not shipped: 24 slated, 0 built (`THREE_JS_SIGNAL_PROCESSING_MICROSIMS.md`). Listed honestly as the build queue: - `Spectrogram` — the waterfall: time, frequency and power as terrain you fly over. - `Short-time_Fourier_transform` — window length trades time for frequency — watch the blur swap axes. - `Wavelet_transform` — the scalogram surface — zoomed clocks for every frequency band. - `Waterfall_plot` — spectra stacked in time — the RF engineer's rolling landscape. - `Window_function` — each window's leakage skirt rendered as a 3D surface family. - `Spectral_leakage` — truncation smears tones across bins — see the energy escape live. - [[Z-transform]] — |H(z)| as a rubber sheet — poles pitch tents, zeros pin it down. - `Pole–zero_plot` — drag poles and zeros on the plane; the frequency response follows. *Full 24-row slate: `_registry/mint/signal_processing_threejs_slate.tsv`.* ## Microsims — p5.js Curated from the full 291-sketch, 9-movement ledger (`_registry/mint/signal_processing_p5_ledger.tsv`): <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/tHGSVAofH" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Aliasing** **(p5.js, I · Sampling, quantization & data conversion).** Sample too slowly and high frequencies fold back, masquerading as lower ones — the irreversible error every sampler is built to prevent. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/8xKJaOCM8" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Analog-to-digital conversion** **(p5.js, I · Sampling, quantization & data conversion).** Turning a continuous voltage into a stream of numbers by sampling in time and quantizing in amplitude — the doorway into DSP. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/zp4JIHxw4" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Advanced z-transform** **(p5.js, II · Transforms & the frequency domain).** A z-transform generalized with a delay parameter, handling signals sampled with a fractional time offset. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/unax-Mpfn" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Analytic signal** **(p5.js, II · Transforms & the frequency domain).** A complex signal with no negative frequencies, built from a real signal plus j times its Hilbert transform — gives instantaneous amplitude and phase. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/dTrXZt86w" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Active filter** **(p5.js, III · Filters & filter design).** A filter built with amplifiers so it can boost as well as block, shaping response without bulky inductors. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/9VuPGD79-" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Adaptive filter** **(p5.js, III · Filters & filter design).** A filter that tunes its own coefficients to match changing conditions — the trick behind echo and noise cancelling. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/mSUZLEd6C" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Amplitude modulation** **(p5.js, IV · Modulation, carriers & keying).** Encode a message by varying a carrier's amplitude — the oldest broadcast method. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/-MG6jnt4_" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Amplitude-shift keying** **(p5.js, IV · Modulation, carriers & keying).** Send digital bits by switching a carrier's amplitude on and off. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/1vP1OvVoE" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Audio data compression** **(p5.js, V · Coding, compression & communication).** Shrink audio by discarding sound the ear won't miss — the idea behind MP3 and AAC. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/NqmzIIKDU" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> [[Code|Code]] **(p5.js, V · Coding, compression & communication).** A mapping from information to symbols — the raw material of compression and error protection. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/XAQlBmchK" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Analog feedback shift register** **(p5.js, VI · Control theory & estimation).** A shift register with analog feedback that generates pseudo-random or chaotic sequences. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/nIoKSZZHo" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Automatic control** **(p5.js, VI · Control theory & estimation).** Making a system regulate itself by feeding its output back to its input — thermostats to autopilots. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/aYSDWi7st" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Antenna array** **(p5.js, VII · Antennas, waves & RF propagation).** Many antennas fed together to steer and sharpen a beam electronically — no moving parts. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/A8CqoVo83" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Antenna gain** **(p5.js, VII · Antennas, waves & RF propagation).** How strongly an antenna concentrates power in its favored direction versus an ideal isotropic radiator. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/rX-rWngwr" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Audio signal processing** **(p5.js, VIII · Imaging, audio & sensors).** The manipulation of sound signals — filtering, effects, compression, and analysis. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/-qz3TPybl" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **Charge-coupled device** **(p5.js, VIII · Imaging, audio & sensors).** An image sensor that shuttles collected charge packet by packet to be read out — the old workhorse of digital cameras. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/BndGvyoqq" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> **4-20 mA current loop** **(p5.js, IX · Foundations & the rest of the toolbox).** An industrial standard that encodes a sensor reading as a current, immune to voltage drop and easy to fault-check. <iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/e8sjc9WX4" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe> [[Adjacency_matrix|Adjacency matrix]] **(p5.js, IX · Foundations & the rest of the toolbox).** A grid that records which nodes of a graph connect — the algebra behind graph signal processing.  ## Links (Wikipedia order)  `A_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication` · `Active_filter` · `Adaptive_filter` · `Advanced_z-transform` · `Alan_V._Oppenheim` · `Algebraic_signal_processing` · `Ali_H._Sayed` · `Aliasing` · `Altimeter` · `Analog-to-digital_converter` · `Analog_delay_line` · `Analog_feedback_shift_register` · `Analog_signal_processing` · `Anti-aliasing_filter` · `Array_processing` · `Audio_filter` · `Audio_signal_processing` · `Babak_Hassibi` · [[Bifurcation_theory]] · `Bilinear_transform` · `Boston` · `Bounded_variation` · [[Calculus]] · `Cambridge` · `Cambridge_University_Press` · [[Chaos_theory]] · `Circular_buffer` · [[Claude_Shannon]] · `Coding_theory` · [[Complex_analysis]] · `Computer` · `Constant-Q_transform` · [[Control_system]] · [[Convolution]] · [[Data_compression]] · `Data_link_layer` · `Data_mining` · [[Detection_theory]] · [[Digital_image_processing]] · [[Digital_signal_processing]] · `Digital_signal_processor` · `Discrete-time_Fourier_transform` · `Discrete_Fourier_transform` · [[Discrete_cosine_transform]] · [[Discrete_time_and_continuous_time]] · `Downsampling_(signal_processing)` · `Dynamic_range_compression` · [[Electric_current]] · [[Electrical_engineering]] · `Electronic_mixer` · `Equalization_(communications)` · [[Estimation_theory]] · [[Fast_Fourier_transform]] · `Field-programmable_gate_array` · `Filter_(signal_processing)` · `Finite_impulse_response` · `Fixed-point_arithmetic` · `Frequency` · [[Frequency_domain]] · `Frequency_mixer` · `Function_(mathematics)` · [[Functional_analysis]] · `Geophysics` · [[Image_compression]] · `Impulse_invariance` · `Infinite_impulse_response` · [[Information_theory]] · [[Integral_transform]] · `Integrator` · [[Kalman_filter]] · [[Laplace_transform]] · [[Least-squares_spectral_analysis]] · [[Linear_algebra]] · `Linear_canonical_transformation` · [[Linear_time-invariant_system]] · `Lookup_table` · `Matched_Z-transform_method` · `Multiplexer` · `Multiplexing` · `Noise_reduction` · `Non-local_means` · [[Nonlinear_system]] · `Numerical_analysis` · `Nyquist_frequency` · `Nyquist_rate` · [[Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem]] · `OSI_model` · `Oversampling` · `Phase-locked_loop` · `Physical_layer` · `Polynomial` · `Prentice_Hall` · `Presentation_layer` · [[Probability]] · `Probability_distribution` · [[Quantization_(signal_processing)]] · `RC_circuit` · `Radio` · [[Recurrence_relation]] · `Reverberation` · `Ronald_W._Schafer` · `Sample_and_hold` · [[Sampling_(signal_processing)]] · `Scalar_potential` · `Seismic_tomography` · `Seismology` · `Semantic_audio` · `Sensitivity_(electronics)` · [[Signal]] · `Signalling_(economics)` · `Signalling_theory` · `Similarity_(signal_processing)` · `Spectral_density_estimation` · `Speech_processing` · `Speech_recognition` · `Starred_transform` · `Stochastic_process` · `Subjective_video_quality` · [[System_identification]] · `Taylor_&_Francis` · `Thomas_Kailath` · [[Time_domain]] · [[Time_series]] · [[Transducer]] · `Transform_theory` · `Undersampling` · `Upsampling` · `Video_processing` · [[Voltage]] · `Voltage-controlled_filter` · `Voltage-controlled_oscillator` · `Waveform` · [[Wiener_filter]] · `Wiley-Blackwell` · [[Z-transform]] · `Zak_transform`   ## Images <figure class="wt-gifplate"> <img src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fourier_series_square_wave_circles_animation.gif" alt="Fourier Decomposition" loading="lazy" decoding="async"> <figcaption><strong>Fourier Decomposition</strong> — Watch rotating circles add up to draw a square wave.<br> <span class="wt-credit">Wikimedia Commons · <strong>licence pending verification</strong> (run <code>g17_gif_verify.py</code> on a networked lane) · <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fourier_series_square_wave_circles_animation.gif">Details</a></span></figcaption> </figure> *The hub concept of [[PORTAL_Signal_Processing]]. Still companion to the 18 live microsims above — §15 keeps the player first, the plate sits in the image slot.*  ## The Centers of Excellence — signal-processing crossings ## ⊙ The Center Circle — Space Mining In Minnesota MTN.org — Troy, Volunteer Director — the ninth, featured center: Earth, the Moon, Mars, and Minnesota are all in space. The house center: not one of the eight, the hub they ring around (legacy precedent: the CoE portal’s own “0 · FEATURED”, kept distinct from “I · The Eight”). Seismic and radar returns are the prospector's raw signal; every survey plate downstream is a transform of that signal. **Downstream:** [[Helium-3]] · [[Regolith]] · [[Moon]] · [[Mars]] ## The Eight Centers of Excellence — signal-processing crossings ### 1 · [[WT!Engineering_Center_of_Excellence|Engineering Center of Excellence]] · ring:0 Minnesota State University, Mankato — engineering education and pathways. Every control loop is a signal loop: PID tuning, sensor filtering, and system identification are signal processing wearing an engineer's badge. **Downstream:** [[Systems_engineering]] · [[Control_theory]] · [[Wave_equation]] · [[Fluid_dynamics]] · [[Reynolds_number]] · [[Reliability_engineering]] · [[Engineering]] · [[Structural_engineering]] · [[Mechanical_engineering]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 2 · [[WT!Advanced_Manufacturing_Center_of_Excellence|Advanced Manufacturing Center of Excellence]] · ring:1 Minnesota State University, Mankato — automation, precision machining, and Industry 4.0. Vibration spectra, machine-vision pipelines, and encoder feedback: the smart factory runs on real-time DSP. **Downstream:** [[Robotics]] · [[Fluid_dynamics]] · [[Viscosity]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 3 · [[WT!Transportation_Center_of_Excellence|Transportation Center of Excellence]] · ring:2 Dakota County Technical College — automotive, diesel, aviation, and logistics trades. Radar, GPS correction, and CAN-bus telemetry: transportation runs on filtered, sampled, and transformed signals. **Downstream:** [[Fluid_dynamics]] · [[Reynolds_number]] · [[Logistics]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 4 · [[WT!Energy_Center_of_Excellence|Energy Center of Excellence]] · ring:3 Minnesota West Community & Technical College — generation, transmission, utilities, and renewables. Phasor measurement units and SCADA telemetry read the grid's health the way a scope reads a waveform — sampled, filtered, transformed. **Downstream:** [[Energy]] · [[Electric_power_transmission]] · [[Oscillation]] · [[Thermodynamics]] · [[Electrical_grid]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 5 · [[WT!IT_Center_of_Excellence|IT Center of Excellence]] · ring:4 Metropolitan State University — software, networking, data, and cybersecurity. Codecs, compression, and the networking stack are applied signal processing — bits are just heavily quantized signals. **Downstream:** [[Information_theory]] · [[Algorithm]] · [[Signal_processing]] · [[Fluid_dynamics]] · [[Computer_science]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 6 · [[WT!HealthForce_Center_of_Excellence|HealthForce Center of Excellence]] · ring:5 Winona State University — nursing, allied health, and the clinical pipeline. ECG, EEG, and ultrasound beamforming are clinical signal processing: filter the noise, transform the domain, read the diagnosis. **Downstream:** [[Medicine]] · [[Viscosity]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 7 · [[WT!Northern_Agricultural_Center_of_Excellence|Northern Agricultural Center of Excellence]] · ring:6 Central Lakes College (AgCentric) — agriculture and agribusiness across the north and central counties. Yield-monitor telemetry and remote-sensing imagery are sampled, filtered signals long before a chart shows a farmer a trend. **Downstream:** [[Ecology]] *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.* ### 8 · [[WT!Southern_Agricultural_Center_of_Excellence|Southern Agricultural Center of Excellence]] · ring:7 South Central College — agriculture and agribusiness across the southern counties. Soil-moisture sensor networks and drone multispectral imagery: precision agriculture is a signal-processing pipeline in the field. **Downstream:** *pending mints* *All roads lead to [[WT!Space_Mining_In_Minnesota|the Center Circle]] — this station's trades converge back at the house center.*  ## From the Real GENERATIVE library ![Signal processing](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Signal_processing_system.png/400px-Signal_processing_system.png) *Signal processing — placed from the Real G.E.N.E.R.A.T.I.V.E. course library (Engineering room). Source: Wikimedia Commons (via Wikipedia article media). [Details & license](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Signal_processing_system.png).* > Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements.[1] Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improv ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing))  > p5.js MicroSim stub · part of Systems Engineering · [Wikipedia source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing) ## Concept summary Signal processing is an [[Electrical_engineering|electrical engineering]] subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured [[Signal|signal]]. ## Build checklist - [ ] Claim it: set `status: in-progress` + `lease` + `leased_at` - [ ] Write the child page explaining the concept (tie it back to Systems Engineering) - [ ] Finalize parameter ranges and defaults - [ ] Implement the p5.js sketch (drawing + control regions) - [ ] Add caption + the learning objective on the page - [ ] Set `status: done` ## p5.js sketch ```javascript // MicroSim: Signal processing const ARTICLE = "Signal_processing"; let p1, p2, p3; function setup() { createCanvas(720, 520); pixelDensity(2); // signal-plot sim — create the three sliders described above: // Frequency (0.1–10), Noise level (0–1), Filter cutoff (0.1–10). // TODO: build labelled sliders in the control region (below the drawing region). } function draw() { background(248); // TODO: read p1/p2/p3; render the signal-plot in the drawing region and respond live. // TODO: HUD — title + en.wikitube.io/wiki/Signal_processing + control hints + live readouts. } ``` --- Back to Systems Engineering ---  ## Semiotic profile > *The semiotic universals this article invokes, machine-derived from the crossref — **unverified** (born so). Populated 2026-07-06 for the Systems room.* **Universals (8):** 🟢 signal (14) · 🟢 frequency (5) · 🟢 filter (4) · 🟡 system (4) · 🟢 noise (4) · 🟢 measurement (2) · 🟢 amplitude (1) · 🟢 discretization (1) **Enter by sign:** Systems Semiotic Gateway · Alphabetum · Icon Registry · ← Systems Portal    *Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*  ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Signal_processing) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Information_theory]] · [[Monte_Carlo_method]] · [[Reliability_engineering]] · [[Systems_engineering]] · [[Systems_science]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 2 legacy notes. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*