# System identification
<!-- MICROSIMGEN:BEGIN v1.7 — generated by g08_place_microsims.py; three.js first (§15); do not hand-edit inside -->
## Microsims — p5.js
### System identification (p5.js) · `data → model`
<div class="microsim-player">
<iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/kkz9X4tBp" width="100%" height="480" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" title="System identification — p5.js microsim"></iframe>
</div>
*Deduce a system's model from its measured inputs and outputs.*
**Open in the editor:** [▶ fork this sketch](https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/kkz9X4tBp) · movement *VI · Control theory & estimation* · library `p5js`
### Related microsims
Live sims on neighbouring articles — 6 of them inside this article's own Wikipedia link tree:
- [[Autocorrelation]] *(in tree)*
- [[Control_theory]] *(in tree)*
- [[Digital_signal_processing]] *(in tree)*
- [[Fourier_analysis]] *(in tree)*
- [[Frequency_domain]] *(in tree)*
- [[Frequency_response]] *(in tree)*
*Sim hosted off-article; the article owns the reference, not the runtime (WIKI_RULES §10.4). Placed by `g08_place_microsims.py`.*
<!-- MICROSIMGEN:END -->
## MicroSim spec
- **Recommended sim type:** [[Control_system|control system]]
- **Microsimmability score:** 70/100
- **Layout:** drawing region (canvas) on top; control region (sliders/buttons) below.
### Parameters (tunable controls)
- `Input frequency`
- `Noise level`
- `Model order`
### What animates
A fitted model's output tracks the measured response more closely as the model order rises.
### Learning objective
Show how data is used to infer a [[System|system]]'s underlying model.
## Links (Wikipedia order)
<!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/System_identification.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) -->
`Accelerated_failure_time_model` · `Actuarial_science` · `Adaptive_control` · `Akaike_information_criterion` · `Analysis_of_covariance` · `Analysis_of_variance` · `Anderson–Darling_test` · `Anscombe_transform` · `Arithmetic_mean` · `Arithmetic–geometric_mean` · `Asymptotic_theory_(statistics)` · [[Autocorrelation]] · `Automation_and_Remote_Control` · `Autoregressive_conditional_heteroskedasticity` · `Autoregressive_model` · `Average_absolute_deviation` · [[Bar_chart]] · `Bayes_estimator` · `Bayes_factor` · `Bayesian_inference` · `Bayesian_information_criterion` · `Bayesian_linear_regression` · `Bayesian_probability` · `Bias_of_an_estimator` · `Binomial_regression` · [[Bioinformatics]] · `Biostatistics` · `Biplot` · `Black-box_testing` · [[Black_box]] · `Black_box_model_of_power_converter` · `Blackboxing` · [[Block_diagram]] · `Blocking_(statistics)` · `Bode_plot` · `Bootstrapping_(statistics)` · `Box2D` · [[Box_plot]] · `Box–Jenkins_method` · `Breusch–Godfrey_test` · `Canonical_correlation` · `Cartography` · `Categorical_variable` · `Census` · `Central_limit_theorem` · `Chemometrics` · `Chi-squared_test` · `Clinical_study_design` · `Clinical_trial` · `Closed-loop_controller` · `Closed-loop_transfer_function` · `Cluster_analysis` · `Cluster_sampling` · `Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel_statistics` · `Coefficient_diagram_method` · `Coefficient_of_determination` · `Coefficient_of_variation` · `Cohen's_kappa` · `Cohort_study` · `Cointegration` · `Completeness_(statistics)` · `Confidence_interval` · `Confounding` · `Contingency_table` · `Contraharmonic_mean` · `Control_chart` · `Control_reconfiguration` · [[Control_system]] · [[Control_theory]] · `Controllability` · `Correlogram` · `Count_data` · `Credible_interval` · `Crime_statistics` · `Cross-correlation` · `Cross-sectional_study` · `Cross-validation_(statistics)` · `Cubic_mean` · `Data-driven_control_system` · `Data_collection` · `Data_preprocessing` · `Data_transformation_(statistics)` · `Decomposition_of_time_series` · `Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)` · `Demographic_statistics` · `Density_estimation` · `Descriptive_statistics` · `Design_of_experiments` · `Dickey–Fuller_test` · `Digital_control` · [[Digital_signal_processing]] · `Dimensionality_reduction` · `Distributed_control_system` · `Distributed_parameter_system` · `Divergence_(statistics)` · `Durbin–Watson_statistic` · [[Dynamical_system]] · `Econometrics` · `Economic_system` · `Effect_size` · `Efficiency_(statistics)` · `Eigensystem_realization_algorithm` · [[Electric_motor]] · `Elliptical_distribution` · `Embedded_system` · `Empirical_distribution_function` · `Energy-shaping_control` · `Engineering_statistics` · `Environmental_statistics` · `Epidemiology` · `Errors_and_residuals` · `Estimating_equations` · `Estimator` · `Experiment` · `Exponential_family` · `Exponential_smoothing` · `F-test` · `Factor_analysis` · `Factorial_experiment` · `Failure_rate` · `Fan_chart_(statistics)` · `Feature_scaling` · `Feed_forward_(control)` · `First-hitting-time_model` · `Fisher_transformation` · `Forest_plot` · [[Formal_system]] · [[Fourier_analysis]] · `Fourier_transform` · `Fractional-order_control` · [[Frequency_domain]] · `Frequency_domain_decomposition` · [[Frequency_response]] · `Frequentist_inference` · `Friedman_test` · [[Fuzzy_control_system]] · `Fuzzy_logic` · `G-test` · `General_linear_model` · `Generalized_filtering` · `Generalized_linear_model` · `Generalized_mean` · `Geographic_information_system` · `Geometric_mean` · `Geostatistics` · `Goodness_of_fit` · `Granger_causality` · `Graphical_model` · `Gravity` · `Gray-box_testing` · `Grouped_data` · `H-infinity_loop-shaping` · `Hankel_singular_value` · `Harmonic_mean` · `Harold_J._Kushner` · `Heinz_mean` · `Heronian_mean` · [[Histogram]] · `Hodges–Lehmann_estimator` · `Homoscedasticity_and_heteroscedasticity` · `Hybrid_computer` · `Hysteresis` · `Index_of_dispersion` · `Industrial_control_system` · `Intelligent_control` · `Interaction_(statistics)` · `Interquartile_range` · `Interval_estimation` · `Isotonic_regression` · `Jackknife_resampling` · `Jarque–Bera_test` · `Johansen_test` · `Jonckheere's_trend_test` · `Jurimetrics` · [[Kalman_filter]] · `Kaplan–Meier_estimator` · `Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient` · `Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test` · `Krener's_theorem` · `Kriging` · `Kruskal–Wallis_test` · `Kurtosis` · `L-moment` · [[Laplace_transform]] · `Lead–lag_compensator` · [[Least-squares_spectral_analysis]] · `Least_squares` · `Lehmann–Scheffé_theorem` · `Lehmer_mean` · `Lennart_Ljung_(engineer)` · `Likelihood-ratio_test` · `Likelihood_function` · `Lilliefors_test` · [[Line_chart]] · `Linear_discriminant_analysis` · `Linear_regression` · `List_of_fields_of_application_of_statistics` · `List_of_statistical_tests` · `List_of_statistics_articles` · `Ljung–Box_test` · `Location_parameter` · `Location–scale_family` · `Logistic_regression` · `Loss_function` · `Lp_space` · [[Lyapunov_stability]] · `M-estimator` · `Mann–Whitney_U_test` · [[Mathematical_model]] · `Maximum_a_posteriori_estimation` · `McNemar's_test` · [[Mechatronics]] · `Median` · `Medical_statistics` · `Method_of_moments_(statistics)` · `Methods_engineering` · `Minimum-variance_unbiased_estimator` · `Minor_loop_feedback` · `Missing_data` · `Mixed_model` · `Mode_(statistics)` · `Model_order_reduction` · [[Model_predictive_control]] · `Model_selection` · `Moment_(mathematics)` · `Monod_equation` · `Monotone_likelihood_ratio` · `Motion_control` · `Multivariate_analysis_of_variance` · `Multivariate_normal_distribution` · `Multivariate_statistics` · `National_accounts` · `Natural_experiment` · [[Negative_feedback]] · `Nelson–Aalen_estimator` · [[Neural_network]] · [[Newton's_laws_of_motion]] · `Nonlinear_autoregressive_exogenous_model` · `Nonlinear_control` · `Nonlinear_regression` · `Nonlinear_system_identification` · `Nonparametric_regression` · `Nonparametric_statistics` · `Normalization_(statistics)` · `Obfuscation` · [[Observability]] · `Observational_study` · `Official_statistics` · `One-_and_two-tailed_tests` · [[Open_system_(systems_theory)]] · [[Operations_research]] · `Opinion_poll` · [[Optimal_control]] · `Optimal_decision` · `Oracle_machine` · `Order_statistic` · [[Ordinary_differential_equation]] · `Ordinary_least_squares` · `Outlier` · `Outline_of_statistics` · [[PID_controller]] · `Parameter` · `Parametric_statistics` · `Partial_autocorrelation_function` · `Partial_correlation` · `Partition_of_sums_of_squares` · `Pattern_recognition` · `Pearson_correlation_coefficient` · `Percentile` · [[Perceptual_control_theory]] · `Performance` · `Permutation_test` · `Peter_Stoica` · [[Physical_system]] · `Physics_engine` · `Pie_chart` · `Pivotal_quantity` · `Plant_(control_theory)` · `Point_estimation` · `Poisson_regression` · [[Positive_feedback]] · `Posterior_probability` · `Power_(statistics)` · `Power_transform` · `Prediction_interval` · `Prentice_Hall` · `Principal_component_analysis` · `Prior_probability` · `Probabilistic_design` · `Probability_distribution` · `Programmable_logic_controller` · `Proportional_hazards_model` · `Psychometrics` · `Quality_control` · [[Quantization_(signal_processing)]] · `Quasi-experiment` · `Questionnaire` · `Q–Q_plot` · `Radar_chart` · `Random_assignment` · `Randomized_controlled_trial` · `Randomized_experiment` · `Range_(statistics)` · `Rank_correlation` · `Ranking_(statistics)` · `Rao–Blackwell_theorem` · [[Real-time_computing]] · `Regression_analysis` · `Regression_validation` · [[Reliability_engineering]] · `Replication_(statistics)` · `Resampling_(statistics)` · `Robot` · [[Robotics]] · `Robust_control` · `Robust_regression` · `Robust_statistics` · `Root_locus_analysis` · `Run_chart` · `SCADA` · `Sample_size_determination` · `Sampling_(statistics)` · `Sampling_distribution` · `Scale_parameter` · [[Scatter_plot]] · `Scientific_control` · `Score_test` · `Seasonal_adjustment` · `Semiparametric_regression` · `Servomechanism` · `Shape_parameter` · `Shapiro–Wilk_test` · `Sign_test` · [[Signal-flow_graph]] · `Simple_linear_regression` · `Simultaneous_equations_model` · `Skewness` · `Social_statistics` · `Solver` · `Spatial_analysis` · `Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient` · `Spectral_density_estimation` · `Stability_theory` · `Standard_deviation` · `Standard_error` · `Standard_score` · `State-space_representation` · `State_observer` · `Stationary_process` · `Statistic` · `Statistical_classification` · `Statistical_dispersion` · `Statistical_distance` · `Statistical_graphics` · `Statistical_hypothesis_test` · `Statistical_inference` · `Statistical_model` · `Statistical_parameter` · `Statistical_population` · `Statistical_process_control` · `Statistical_theory` · `Statistics` · `Steady_state` · `Stem-and-leaf_display` · `Stochastic_approximation` · `Stochastic_control` · `Stratified_sampling` · `Structural_break` · `Structural_equation_modeling` · `Structural_identifiability` · `Student's_t-test` · `Sufficient_statistic` · `Survey_methodology` · `Survival_analysis` · `Survival_function` · [[System]] · [[System_dynamics]] · [[Systems_theory]] · [[Thermodynamic_system]] · [[Time_domain]] · [[Time_series]] · `Tolerance_interval` · `Trade` · [[Transfer_function]] · `Truncation_(statistics)` · `U-statistic` · `Uniformly_most_powerful_test` · `V-statistic` · `Van_der_Waerden_test` · `Variance` · `Variance-stabilizing_transformation` · `Vector_autoregression` · `Violin_plot` · `Wald_test` · `Wavelet` · `White-box_testing` · `White_box_(software_engineering)` · `Whittle_likelihood` · `Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test` · `Winsorizing` · `Z-test` · [[Z-transform]]
> p5.js MicroSim stub · part of Systems Thinking · [Wikipedia source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_identification)
> Relation: subfield of systems thinking.
## Concept summary
The field of system identification uses statistical methods to build mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data. System identification also includes the optimal design of experiments for efficiently generating informative data for fitting such models as well as model reduction.
## Build checklist
- [ ] Claim it: set `status: in-progress` + `lease` + `leased_at`
- [ ] Write the child page explaining the concept (tie it back to systems thinking)
- [ ] Finalize parameter ranges and defaults
- [ ] Implement the p5.js sketch (drawing + control regions)
- [ ] Add caption + the learning objective on the page
- [ ] Set `status: done`
## p5.js sketch
```javascript
// MicroSim: System identification
let controls = {};
function setup() {
// createCanvas(...); create sliders for the parameters above.
}
function draw() {
// background(...); read controls; render control system; respond live.
}
```
---
Back to Systems Thinking · Wikipedia: [System identification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_identification)
---
<!-- SEMIOTIC-PROFILE:START -->
## Semiotic profile
> *The semiotic universals this article invokes, machine-derived from the crossref — **unverified** (born so). Populated 2026-07-06 for the Systems room.*
**Universals (5):** 🟡 system (17) · 🟢 control loop (3) · 🟢 measurement (2) · 🟢 frequency (1) · 🟢 noise (1)
**Enter by sign:** Systems Semiotic Gateway · Alphabetum · Icon Registry · ← Systems Portal
<!-- SEMIOTIC-PROFILE:END -->
<!-- CRAFT-LINK:START g12 -->
*Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*
<!-- CRAFT-LINK:END -->
## Wikipedia : Wikitube
**Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_identification) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/System_identification)
## Previous hub tags
Tree parents: [[Control_theory]] · [[Monte_Carlo_method]] · [[Reliability_engineering]] · [[Self-organization]] · [[System_dynamics]] · [[Systems_theory]].
Legacy hubs: none.
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*Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*