# Thulium ## 🧊 Thulium · 3D (three.js) <iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Tm&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Thulium"></iframe> *Thulium in the live three.js Elements explorer — drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* · [▶ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Tm) <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END --> !Thulium plate.svg *Plate 69 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.* ## Microsim To Do *Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.* - X-ray source - thulium isotopes for portable radiography - Rare-earth element - thulium crustal abundance and extraction - Solid-state laser - thulium fiber laser at 2 micrometers - Nuclear reactor - thulium in specialized control systems ## Links (Wikipedia order) <!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Thulium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) --> `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` · [[Actinium]] · `Adsorption` · `Alkali_metal` · `Alkaline_earth_metal` · [[Alpha_decay]] · [[Aluminium]] · [[Americium]] · `Ancient_Greek` · [[Antimony]] · `Aqueous_solution` · [[Argon]] · [[Arsenic]] · [[Astatine]] · `Atomic_number` · `Atomic_radius` · `Australia` · [[Barium]] · [[Berkelium]] · [[Beryllium]] · [[Bismuth]] · `Block_(periodic_table)` · [[Bohrium]] · [[Boiling_point]] · `Bone` · [[Boron]] · `Boron_group` · `Brachytherapy` · `Brazil` · `Brinell_hardness_test` · [[Bromine]] · `Bulk_modulus` · `CAS_Registry_Number` · [[Cadmium]] · [[Caesium]] · [[Calcium]] · [[Californium]] · [[Carbon]] · `Carbon_group` · `Carl_Gustaf_Mosander` · `Celsius` · [[Cerium]] · `Chalcogen` · `Chalcogenide` · `Charles_James_(chemist)` · `Chemical_compound` · [[Chemical_element]] · `China` · [[Chlorine]] · [[Chromium]] · `Close-packing_of_equal_spheres` · [[Cobalt]] · `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` · `Coordination_complex` · [[Copernicium]] · [[Copper]] · `Counterfeit` · `Covalent_radius` · [[Crystal_structure]] · [[Curium]] · [[Darmstadtium]] · [[Decay_product]] · [[Density]] · `Dopant` · [[Dubnium]] · `Dust` · [[Dysprosium]] · [[Einsteinium]] · `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` · `Electron_capture` · `Electron_configuration` · `Electron_shell` · `Electronegativity` · `Enthalpy_of_fusion` · `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` · [[Erbium]] · `Erbium(III)_oxide` · `Euro` · [[Europium]] · `Euxenite` · `Explosion` · `F._J._Duarte` · [[Fermium]] · `Ferrite_(magnet)` · [[Flerovium]] · [[Fluorine]] · [[Francium]] · `Gadolinite` · [[Gadolinium]] · [[Gallium]] · [[Germanium]] · [[Gold]] · `Greenland` · `Group_(periodic_table)` · `Group_10_element` · `Group_11_element` · `Group_12_element` · `Group_3_element` · `Group_4_element` · `Group_5_element` · `Group_6_element` · `Group_7_element` · `Group_8_element` · `Group_9_element` · [[Hafnium]] · [[Half-life]] · `Halide` · `Halogen` · [[Hassium]] · [[Helium]] · `Hemoglobin` · [[Holmium]] · `Holmium(III)_oxide` · [[Hydrogen]] · `Hydrogen_chloride` · `Iceland` · `India` · [[Indium]] · `Industrial_radiography` · [[Iodine]] · `Ion_exchange` · [[Ionization_energy]] · [[Iridium]] · [[Iron]] · `Isotopes_of_erbium` · `Isotopes_of_thulium` · `Isotopes_of_ytterbium` · `Kelvin` · `Kidney` · [[Krypton]] · `Lanthanide` · [[Lanthanum]] · `Lattice_constant` · [[Lawrencium]] · [[Lead]] · `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` · `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` · [[Lithium]] · `Liver` · [[Livermorium]] · [[Lutetium]] · [[Magnesium]] · `Magnetic_susceptibility` · `Magnetism` · [[Manganese]] · `Mary_Elvira_Weeks` · [[Meitnerium]] · `Melting_point` · [[Mendelevium]] · [[Mercury_(element)]] · `Metal` · `Microwave` · `Mineral` · `Molar_heat_capacity` · [[Molybdenum]] · `Monazite` · [[Moscovium]] · `Mouse` · `Natural_abundance` · [[Neodymium]] · [[Neon]] · [[Neptunium]] · [[Nickel]] · [[Nihonium]] · [[Niobium]] · `Nitric_acid` · [[Nitrogen]] · [[Nobelium]] · [[Noble_gas]] · `Norman_Greenwood` · `Nuclear_reactor` · [[Oganesson]] · [[Osmium]] · `Oxidation_state` · `Oxide` · [[Oxygen]] · [[Palladium]] · `Pearson_symbol` · `Per_Teodor_Cleve` · `Period_(periodic_table)` · `Period_1_element` · `Period_2_element` · `Period_3_element` · `Period_4_element` · `Period_5_element` · `Period_6_element` · `Period_7_element` · `Periodic_table` · `Phase_(matter)` · [[Phosphorus]] · `Picometre` · `Plant` · [[Platinum]] · [[Plutonium]] · `Pnictogen` · `Poisson's_ratio` · [[Polonium]] · [[Potassium]] · [[Praseodymium]] · `Primordial_nuclide` · [[Promethium]] · [[Protactinium]] · [[Radioactive_decay]] · `Radioactive_source` · [[Radium]] · [[Radon]] · `Redox` · [[Rhenium]] · [[Rhodium]] · [[Roentgenium]] · [[Rubidium]] · [[Ruthenium]] · [[Rutherfordium]] · [[Samarium]] · [[Scandium]] · [[Seaborgium]] · `Seawater` · [[Selenium]] · `Shear_modulus` · [[Silicon]] · [[Silver]] · [[Sodium]] · `Soil` · `Solar_System` · `Solid` · `Solid-state_laser` · `Solution_(chemistry)` · `Specific_heat_capacity` · `Spectral_line` · `Spectroscopy` · `Spleen` · `Standard_atomic_weight` · `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` · [[Strontium]] · [[Sulfur]] · `Sulfuric_acid` · `Synthetic_radioisotope` · [[Tantalum]] · `Tanzania` · `Tarnish` · [[Technetium]] · [[Tellurium]] · [[Tennessine]] · [[Terbium]] · `Tetragonal_crystal_system` · [[Thallium]] · [[Thorium]] · `Thule` · `Thulium(II)_chloride` · `Thulium(II)_fluoride` · `Thulium(II)_iodide` · `Thulium(III)_acetate` · `Thulium(III)_bromide` · `Thulium(III)_chloride` · `Thulium(III)_fluoride` · `Thulium(III)_iodide` · `Thulium(III)_oxide` · `Thulium(III)_selenide` · `Thulium(III)_telluride` · `Thulium_dibromide` · `Thulium_monoselenide` · `Thulium_nitride` · `Thulium_phosphide` · `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` · [[Tin]] · [[Titanium]] · `Tonne` · `Toxicity` · [[Tungsten]] · `Ultraviolet` · `United_States` · `University_of_New_Hampshire` · [[Uranium]] · [[Vanadium]] · `Vapor_pressure` · `Vickers_hardness_test` · `Water` · `Wilhelm_Klemm` · `X-ray` · [[Xenon]] · `Xenotime` · `Young's_modulus` · [[Ytterbium]] · [[Yttrium]] · `Yttrium_aluminium_garnet` · [[Zinc]] · [[Zirconium]] > **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 69.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Thulium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium). <!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:BEGIN (auto-managed block - edits inside will be overwritten) --> ## Key facts (infobox) | | | |---|---| | Symbol - Z | Tm - 69 | | Group - Period - Block | f - 6 - f-block | | Atomic weight (Da) | 168.93 | | Density (g/cm3) | 9.32 | | Melting - Boiling (K) | 1818 - 2223 | | Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.25 | | Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 0.52 | | Origin | primordial | | Phase (STP) | solid | | Name origin | Thule, the mythic North | *Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).* ## Story Thulium was discovered in 1879 by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve from rare-earth ore concentrates [model-prior - verify]. Its name evokes Thule, the classical and medieval geographic designation for a mythical far-northern land, perhaps reflecting Scandinavian origins of its discovery or simply the element's extreme rarity. Thulium is the rarest of the lanthanides in nature, with a crustal abundance of only 0.52 mg/kg [model-prior - verify]. The element is a silvery lanthanide with paramagnetism and limited industrial applications compared to its lanthanide cousins. Thulium is used in certain portable X-ray sources, where its high-energy emissions can be harnessed for medical and dental radiography [model-prior - verify]. It has also appeared in specialized magnets, as a nuclear reactor control-rod component, and as an active medium in some solid-state lasers. Its rarity and modest applications make thulium one of the lesser-known rare earths, yet its unique properties ensure it remains irreplaceable in niche high-technology applications. Thulium exemplifies how the periodic table extends into the realm of industrial exotica: highly valuable in its specific applications, yet so rare and specialized that most people never encounter it directly, making it a fitting symbol of hidden elemental dependencies in advanced technologies. ## Corpus connections - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub - Centers of Excellence Portal - [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School - Space Mining In Minnesota - rare-earth supply for specialized applications - History of Mining in Minnesota - the rarest lanthanide and industrial scarcity ## Vocational-Technical Semiotics The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Tm, group f, period 6), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it. ## Sources Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment. ## Navigation - Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Erbium|Erbium (68)]] - [[Ytterbium|Ytterbium (70)]] - R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence ## Wikipedia : Wikitube **Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Thulium) ## Previous hub tags Tree parents: [[Helium]] · [[Hydrogen]] · [[Oxygen]]. Legacy hubs: none. --- *Sources: 1 legacy note. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*