# Time series
## MicroSim spec
- **Recommended sim type:** growth & decay
- **Microsimmability score:** 72/100
- **Layout:** drawing region (canvas) on top; control region (sliders/buttons) below.
### Parameters (tunable controls)
- `Trend slope`
- `Seasonal amplitude`
- `Noise level`
### What animates
A [[Signal|signal]] traces trend, seasonality, and noise as each component's strength changes.
### Learning objective
Decompose a time series into trend, seasonality, and noise.
## Links (Wikipedia order)
<!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Time_series.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) -->
`Academic_Press` · `Accelerated_failure_time_model` · `Actuarial_science` · `Addison-Wesley` · `Akaike_information_criterion` · `Algorithmic_information_theory` · `Analysis_of_covariance` · `Analysis_of_variance` · `Anderson–Darling_test` · `Anomaly_detection` · `Anscombe_transform` · `Apache_Spark` · `Applied_science` · `Approximate_entropy` · `Approximation_theory` · `Arithmetic_mean` · `Arithmetic–geometric_mean` · `Astronomy` · `Asymptotic_theory_(statistics)` · [[Autocorrelation]] · `Autoregressive_conditional_heteroskedasticity` · `Autoregressive_fractionally_integrated_moving_average` · `Autoregressive_integrated_moving_average` · `Autoregressive_model` · `Autoregressive_moving-average_model` · `Average_absolute_deviation` · [[Bar_chart]] · `Bayes_estimator` · `Bayes_factor` · `Bayesian_inference` · `Bayesian_information_criterion` · `Bayesian_linear_regression` · `Bayesian_probability` · `Bias_of_an_estimator` · `Binomial_regression` · [[Bioinformatics]] · `Biostatistics` · `Biplot` · `Blocking_(statistics)` · `Bootstrapping_(statistics)` · [[Box_plot]] · `Box–Jenkins_method` · `Breusch–Godfrey_test` · `CRC_Press` · `CUSUM` · `Cambridge_University_Press` · `Canonical_correlation` · `Cartography` · `Categorical_variable` · `Census` · `Central_limit_theorem` · `Change_detection` · [[Chaos_theory]] · `Chemometrics` · `Chi-squared_test` · `Chirp` · `Chirplet_transform` · `Clinical_study_design` · `Clinical_trial` · `Cluster_analysis` · `Cluster_sampling` · `Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel_statistics` · `Codomain` · `Coefficient_of_determination` · `Coefficient_of_variation` · `Cohen's_kappa` · `Coherence_(signal_processing)` · `Cohort_study` · `Cointegration` · `Completeness_(statistics)` · `Condition_monitoring` · `Confidence_interval` · `Confounding` · `Contingency_table` · `Continuous_wavelet_transform` · `Contraharmonic_mean` · `Control_chart` · [[Control_engineering]] · `Correlation` · `Correlation_dimension` · `Correlation_integral` · `Correlogram` · `Count_data` · `Covariance` · `Cramér–von_Mises_criterion` · `Credible_interval` · `Crime_statistics` · `Cross-correlation` · `Cross-sectional_data` · `Cross-sectional_study` · `Cross-validation_(statistics)` · `Cubic_mean` · `Curve` · `Curve_fitting` · `Data` · `Data_collection` · `Data_mining` · `Data_preprocessing` · `Data_transformation_(statistics)` · `Data_type` · `Decomposition_of_time_series` · `Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)` · `Demographic_statistics` · `Dennis_Gabor` · `Density_estimation` · `Descriptive_statistics` · `Design_of_experiments` · `Dickey–Fuller_test` · `Digital_filter` · [[Digital_signal_processing]] · `Dimensionality_reduction` · `Distributed_lag` · `Divergence_(statistics)` · `Domain_of_a_function` · `Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average` · `Durbin–Watson_statistic` · `Dynamic_Bayesian_network` · `Dynamic_time_warping` · `EWMA_chart` · `Earthquake_prediction` · `Econometrics` · `Edit_distance` · `Effect_size` · `Efficiency_(statistics)` · `Electroencephalography` · `Elliptical_distribution` · `Empirical_distribution_function` · [[Engineering]] · `Engineering_statistics` · `English_language` · `Environmental_statistics` · `Epidemiology` · `Ergodic_process` · `Errors_and_residuals` · `Estimating_equations` · [[Estimation_theory]] · `Experiment` · `Exponential_family` · `Exponential_smoothing` · `Extrapolation` · `F-test` · `Factor_analysis` · `Factorial_experiment` · `Failure_rate` · `Fan_chart_(statistics)` · [[Fast_Fourier_transform]] · `Feature_scaling` · `Filter_(signal_processing)` · `First-hitting-time_model` · `Fisher_transformation` · `Fitness_approximation` · `Forecasting` · `Forest_plot` · [[Fourier_analysis]] · `Fourier_transform` · `Fractional_Fourier_transform` · [[Frequency_domain]] · `Frequentist_inference` · `Friedman_test` · `Function_(mathematics)` · `Function_approximation` · `Fuzzy_logic` · `G-test` · `Gaussian_process` · `Gene_expression_programming` · `General_linear_model` · `Generalized_linear_model` · `Generalized_mean` · [[Genetic_programming]] · `Geographic_information_system` · `Geometric_mean` · `Geophysics` · `George_E._P._Box` · `Geostatistics` · `Goodness_of_fit` · `Granger_causality` · `Graphical_model` · `Grouped_data` · `Harmonic_analysis` · `Harmonic_mean` · [[Heat_map]] · `Heinz_mean` · `Heronian_mean` · `Hidden_Markov_model` · [[Histogram]] · `Hodges–Lehmann_estimator` · `Homoscedasticity_and_heteroscedasticity` · `Hurst_exponent` · `Index_of_dispersion` · `Index_set` · `Interaction_(statistics)` · `Interpolation` · `Interquartile_range` · `Interval_estimation` · `Isotonic_regression` · `Jackknife_resampling` · `James_D._Hamilton` · `James_Durbin` · `Jarque–Bera_test` · `Johansen_test` · `Jonckheere's_trend_test` · `Julia_(programming_language)` · `Jurimetrics` · [[Kalman_filter]] · `Kaplan–Meier_estimator` · `Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient` · `Kolmogorov_complexity` · `Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test` · `Kriging` · `Kruskal–Wallis_test` · `Kurtosis` · `L-moment` · [[Least-squares_spectral_analysis]] · `Lehmann–Scheffé_theorem` · `Lehmer_mean` · `Likelihood-ratio_test` · `Likelihood_function` · `Lilliefors_test` · [[Line_chart]] · `Linear_discriminant_analysis` · `Linear_regression` · `List_of_fields_of_application_of_statistics` · `List_of_statistical_tests` · `List_of_statistics_articles` · `Ljung–Box_test` · `Location_parameter` · `Location–scale_family` · `Logistic_regression` · `Loss_function` · `Lp_space` · `Lyapunov_exponent` · `M-estimator` · `MIT_Press` · [[Machine_learning]] · `Mahalanobis_distance` · `Mann–Whitney_U_test` · `Markov_switching_multifractal` · `Mathematical_finance` · `Mathematics` · `Maximum_a_posteriori_estimation` · `McNemar's_test` · `Median` · `Medical_statistics` · `Meteorology` · `Method_of_moments_(statistics)` · `Methods_engineering` · `Minimum-variance_unbiased_estimator` · `Minkowski_distance` · `Missing_data` · `Mixed_model` · `Mode_(statistics)` · `Model_selection` · `Mollifier` · `Moment_(mathematics)` · `Monotone_likelihood_ratio` · [[Monte_Carlo_method]] · `Moving-average_model` · `Multi_expression_programming` · `Multivariate_analysis_of_variance` · `Multivariate_normal_distribution` · `Multivariate_statistics` · `National_accounts` · `Natural_experiment` · `Natural_number` · `Neil_Gershenfeld` · `Nelson–Aalen_estimator` · `Newey–West_estimator` · `Nonlinear_autoregressive_exogenous_model` · `Nonlinear_mixed-effects_model` · `Nonlinear_regression` · `Nonparametric_regression` · `Nonparametric_statistics` · [[Norbert_Wiener]] · `Normalization_(statistics)` · `Numerical_analysis` · `Observational_study` · `Official_statistics` · `One-_and_two-tailed_tests` · `Opinion_poll` · `Optimal_decision` · `Order_statistic` · `Ordinary_least_squares` · `Outlier` · `Outline_of_statistics` · `Oxford_University_Press` · `Panel_analysis` · `Panel_data` · `Parametric_statistics` · `Partial_autocorrelation_function` · `Partial_correlation` · `Partition_of_sums_of_squares` · `Pattern_recognition` · `Pearson_correlation_coefficient` · `Percentile` · `Permutation_test` · `Phase_synchronization` · `Pie_chart` · `Pivotal_quantity` · `Point_estimation` · `Poisson_regression` · `Polynomial` · `Polynomial_interpolation` · `Polynomial_regression` · `Posterior_probability` · `Power_(statistics)` · `Power_transform` · `Prais–Winsten_estimation` · `Prediction` · `Prediction_interval` · `Princeton_University_Press` · `Principal_component_analysis` · `Prior_probability` · `Probabilistic_design` · `Probability_distribution` · `Proportional_hazards_model` · `Psychometrics` · `Python_(programming_language)` · `Quality_control` · `Quasi-experiment` · `Questionnaire` · [[Queueing_theory]] · `Q–Q_plot` · `R_(programming_language)` · `Radar_chart` · `Random_assignment` · `Random_walk` · `Randomized_controlled_trial` · `Randomized_experiment` · `Range_(statistics)` · `Rank_correlation` · `Ranking_(statistics)` · `Rao–Blackwell_theorem` · `Rational_function` · `Real_number` · `Recurrence_plot` · `Recurrence_quantification_analysis` · `Regression_analysis` · `Regression_validation` · [[Reliability_engineering]] · `Replication_(statistics)` · `Resampling_(statistics)` · `Robert_H._Shumway` · `Robust_regression` · `Robust_statistics` · `Rough_path` · `Rudolf_E._Kálmán` · `Run_chart` · `Rényi_entropy` · `SAS_(software)` · `SPSS` · `Sample_entropy` · `Sample_size_determination` · `Sampling_(statistics)` · `Sampling_distribution` · `Scale_parameter` · `Scaled_correlation` · [[Scatter_plot]] · `Scientific_control` · `Score_test` · `Seasonal_adjustment` · `Seasonality` · `Seismology` · `Semiparametric_regression` · `Sequence_analysis` · `Shape_parameter` · `Shapiro–Wilk_test` · `Shewhart_individuals_control_chart` · `Short-time_Fourier_transform` · `Sign_language` · `Sign_test` · [[Signal_processing]] · `Simple_linear_regression` · `Simultaneous_equations_model` · `Skewness` · `Smoothing` · `Social_statistics` · `Spatial_analysis` · `Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient` · `Spectral_density` · `Spectral_density_estimation` · `Spectrum` · `Speech_recognition` · `Spline_interpolation` · `Springer_Science+Business_Media` · `Standard_deviation` · `Standard_error` · `Standard_score` · `Stationary_process` · `Statistic` · `Statistical_classification` · `Statistical_dispersion` · `Statistical_distance` · `Statistical_graphics` · `Statistical_hypothesis_test` · `Statistical_inference` · `Statistical_learning_theory` · `Statistical_model` · `Statistical_parameter` · `Statistical_population` · `Statistical_process_control` · `Statistical_theory` · `Statistics` · `Stem-and-leaf_display` · `Stochastic` · `Stochastic_approximation` · `Stochastic_process` · `Stochastic_simulation` · `Stratified_sampling` · `Structural_break` · `Structural_equation_modeling` · `Student's_t-test` · `Sufficient_statistic` · `Supervised_learning` · `Support_vector_machine` · `Survey_methodology` · `Survival_analysis` · `Survival_function` · [[System_identification]] · [[Time_domain]] · `Time_reversibility` · `Time_series_database` · `Time–frequency_representation` · `Tolerance_interval` · `Total_correlation` · `Truncation_(statistics)` · `U-statistic` · `Uncertainty` · `Uniformly_most_powerful_test` · `V-statistic` · `Van_der_Waerden_test` · `Variance` · `Variance-stabilizing_transformation` · `Vector_autoregression` · `Violin_plot` · `Wald_test` · `Wavelet` · [[Weather_forecasting]] · `Whittle_likelihood` · `Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test` · `Winsorizing` · `World_War_II` · `Z-test`
## From the Real GENERATIVE library (beauty pass)
*Time series — image hotlinked from Wikimedia Commons (via the Real G.E.N.E.R.A.T.I.V.E. course library, Visualization room). [Details & license](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Random-data-plus-trend-r2.png).*
> In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series))
<!-- BEAUTY-PASS-MEDIA:END -->
> p5.js MicroSim stub · part of Systems Thinking · [Wikipedia source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series)
> Relation: subfield of systems thinking.
## Concept summary
In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a [[Sequence|sequence]] taken at successive equally spaced points in time.
## Build checklist
- [ ] Claim it: set `status: in-progress` + `lease` + `leased_at`
- [ ] Write the child page explaining the concept (tie it back to systems thinking)
- [ ] Finalize parameter ranges and defaults
- [ ] Implement the p5.js sketch (drawing + control regions)
- [ ] Add caption + the learning objective on the page
- [ ] Set `status: done`
## p5.js sketch
```javascript
// MicroSim: Time series
let controls = {};
function setup() {
// createCanvas(...); create sliders for the parameters above.
}
function draw() {
// background(...); read controls; render growth & decay; respond live.
}
```
---
Back to Systems Thinking · Wikipedia: [Time series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series)
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## Semiotic profile
> *The semiotic universals this article invokes, machine-derived from the crossref — **unverified** (born so). Populated 2026-07-06 for the Systems room.*
**Universals (8):** 🟡 system (10) · 🟢 noise (6) · 🟢 probability (6) · 🟡 science (5) · 🟢 signal (4) · 🟢 exponential (3) · 🟡 sequence (2) · 🟢 amplitude (1)
**Enter by sign:** Systems Semiotic Gateway · Alphabetum · Icon Registry · ← Systems Portal
<!-- SEMIOTIC-PROFILE:END -->
<!-- BEAUTY-PASS-MEDIA:START -->
## Wikipedia : Wikitube
**Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Time_series)
## Previous hub tags
Tree parents: [[Complex_system]] · [[Cybernetics]] · [[Emergence]] · [[Feedback]] · [[Game_theory]] · [[Monte_Carlo_method]] · [[Reliability_engineering]] · [[Self-organization]] · [[Systems_science]] · [[Systems_theory]].
Legacy hubs: none.
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*Sources: 2 legacy notes. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*