# Titanium
## ๐ง Titanium ยท 3D (three.js)
<iframe src="https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Ti&embed=1" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" style="border:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden" allowfullscreen loading="lazy" title="The Elements 3D microsim - Titanium"></iframe>
*Titanium in the live three.js Elements explorer โ drag to orbit the atom, click any tile to compare, slide the temperature.* ยท [โถ open full](https://wikitube-elements.netlify.app/?el=Ti)
<!-- ELEMENTS_MICROSIM:END -->
!Titanium plate.svg
*Plate 22 of 118 - animated Bohr shells, stylized per Madelung filling; engraving style per house Arcanity kit.*
## Microsim
### Live player
<div class="microsim-player">
<iframe src="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/full/1IZoNsxqT" width="100%" height="620" frameborder="0" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin"></iframe>
</div>
<div class="microsim-fallback">
<!-- poster pending attended backfill (headless run could not capture cross-origin canvas) -->
<img src="Microsims/thumbs/Titanium.png" alt="Titanium microsim poster" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #4445;border-radius:6px;">
<p><em>Live microsim (desktop) ยท <a href="https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/1IZoNsxqT">open sketch in the p5.js editor</a></em></p>
</div>
**Editor URL:** https://editor.p5js.org/sciencenibber/sketches/1IZoNsxqT
**Description (100 words):**
An interactive titanium alpha-beta phase diagram -- a schematic pseudo-binary of temperature against beta-stabiliser content. Drag the glowing state point, or the **beta-stabiliser** (0-20 wt% V-equivalent) and **temperature** (20-1200 C) sliders, across the map; the live readout names the stable phase(s), applies the **lever rule** for the alpha/beta percentages, and reports the local beta-transus. The pure-titanium transus (882 C) is marked. A crystal-[[Structure|structure]] inset morphs between the **HCP alpha** unit cell and the **BCC beta** unit cell, sized by the lever-rule fractions, so you can see why an alpha+beta alloy such as Ti-6Al-4V balances both phases. Reset restores the default state.
<!-- LOCAL-MEDIA-PASS:START -->
## Microsim To Do
*Claimable rows, house pattern. Real Wikipedia articles only.*
- Ilmenite and oxygen extraction - the iron-titanium oxide ore linking Earth and Moon
- The Kroll process - industrial titanium smelting and metallurgy
- The Duluth Complex - Minnesota's taconite and titanium magnetite deposits
## Links (Wikipedia order)
<!-- injected from _registry/childlinks/Titanium.json (2026-07-30T02:09:12Z) -->
`6061_aluminium_alloy` ยท `ASM_International_(society)` ยท `ASTM_International` ยท `Abalone` ยท `Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth's_crust` ยท [[Actinium]] ยท `Aeschynite-(Y)` ยท `Agate` ยท `Agriculture` ยท `Airbus_A330` ยท `Airbus_A340` ยท `Airbus_A380` ยท `Alcohol_(chemistry)` ยท `Alfa-class_submarine` ยท `Alkali_metal` ยท `Alkaline_earth_metal` ยท `Alkoxide` ยท `Allotropy` ยท [[Alloy]] ยท [[Aluminium]] ยท `Amazonite` ยท `Amber` ยท [[Americium]] ยท `Amethyst` ยท `Ammolite` ยท `Anatase` ยท `Andradite` ยท `Anisotropy` ยท `Anklet` ยท [[Antimony]] ยท `Anton_Eduard_van_Arkel` ยท `Apollo_17` ยท `Apple_Inc.` ยท `Aqua_regia` ยท `Argentium_sterling_silver` ยท [[Argon]] ยท [[Arsenic]] ยท `Art_jewelry` ยท [[Astatine]] ยท `Atomic_number` ยท `Atomic_radius` ยท `Australia` ยท `Aventurine` ยท `Bar_stock` ยท [[Barium]] ยท `Barium_orthotitanate` ยท `Barium_titanate` ยท `Base_metal` ยท `Batch_production` ยท `Belly_chain` ยท `Belt_buckle` ยท `Bench_jeweler` ยท [[Berkelium]] ยท `Beryl` ยท [[Beryllium]] ยท `Bezoar` ยท `Bilbao` ยท `Bioaccumulation` ยท `Biocompatibility` ยท [[Bismuth]] ยท `Black_coral` ยท `Block_(periodic_table)` ยท `Body_piercing_jewelry` ยท `Boeing_737` ยท `Boeing_747` ยท `Boeing_777` ยท `Bog-wood` ยท [[Bohrium]] ยท [[Boiling_point]] ยท `Bolo_tie` ยท `Borate_mineral` ยท [[Boron]] ยท `Boron_group` ยท `Bracelet` ยท `Brass` ยท `Brinell_hardness_test` ยท `Britannia_silver` ยท [[Bromine]] ยท `Bronze` ยท `Brooch` ยท `Brookhaven_National_Laboratory` ยท `Brookite` ยท `Bulk_modulus` ยท `CAS_Registry_Number` ยท [[Cadmium]] ยท [[Caesium]] ยท `Caesium_titanate` ยท [[Calcium]] ยท `Calcium_titanate` ยท [[Californium]] ยท `Cameo_(carving)` ยท `Canada` ยท `Carat_(mass)` ยท `Carbohydrate` ยท [[Carbon]] ยท `Carbon_dioxide` ยท `Carbon_group` ยท `Carbonate_mineral` ยท `Carnelian` ยท `Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)` ยท [[Cerium]] ยท `Chalcogen` ยท `Chatelaine_(chain)` ยท [[Chemical_element]] ยท `Chemist` ยท `China` ยท [[Chlorine]] ยท [[Chromium]] ยท `Chrysoberyl` ยท `Chrysocolla` ยท `Cisplatin` ยท `Clergy` ยท `Clockmaker` ยท `Close-packing_of_equal_spheres` ยท [[Cobalt]] ยท `Coke_(fuel)` ยท `Collar_pin` ยท `Color` ยท `Colored_gold` ยท `Columbia_Encyclopedia` ยท `Columbia_University_Press` ยท `Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights` ยท `Consumer_electronics` ยท `Copal` ยท [[Copernicium]] ยท [[Copper]] ยท `Copper_interconnects` ยท `Coral` ยท `Cornwall` ยท [[Corrosion]] ยท `Corundum` ยท `Covalent_bond` ยท `Covalent_radius` ยท `Creep_(deformation)` ยท `Crell's_Annalen` ยท `Crown` ยท `Crown_gold` ยท [[Crystal_structure]] ยท `Crystallite` ยท `Cufflink` ยท [[Curium]] ยท [[Darmstadtium]] ยท [[Decay_product]] ยท [[Density]] ยท `Dental_implant` ยท `Diamond` ยท `Diopside` ยท `Draw_plate` ยท [[Dubnium]] ยท `Ductility` ยท [[Dysprosium]] ยท `Dysprosium_titanate` ยท `Earring` ยท [[Earth]] ยท `Earth's_crust` ยท `Ebonite` ยท [[Einsteinium]] ยท `Electrical_conductor` ยท `Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity` ยท `Electricity` ยท `Electron_capture` ยท `Electron_configuration` ยท `Electronegativity` ยท `Electrowinning` ยท `Electrum` ยท `Embrittlement` ยท `Emerald` ยท `Engraved_gem` ยท `Enthalpy_of_fusion` ยท `Enthalpy_of_vaporization` ยท [[Erbium]] ยท [[Europium]] ยท `Europium_barium_titanate` ยท `Euxenite` ยท `Fashion` ยท `Fatigue_limit` ยท [[Fermium]] ยท `Ferronniรจre` ยท `File_(tool)` ยท `Filigree` ยท `Finding_(jewelcrafting)` ยท `Fineness` ยท [[Flerovium]] ยท [[Fluorine]] ยท `Fluorite` ยท `Foldforming` ยท [[Fractional_distillation]] ยท [[Francium]] ยท `Frank_Gehry` ยท `Franz-Joseph_Mรผller_von_Reichenstein` ยท `Friction_welding` ยท `GHS_hazard_pictograms` ยท `GHS_hazard_statements` ยท `GHS_precautionary_statements` ยท [[Gadolinium]] ยท [[Gallium]] ยท `Garnet` ยท `Gemology` ยท `Gemstone` ยท `Geologist` ยท [[Germanium]] ยท `Getter` ยท `Gibraltar` ยท `Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals` ยท [[Gold]] ยท `Goldsmith` ยท `Greek_mythology` ยท `Group_(periodic_table)` ยท `Group_10_element` ยท `Group_11_element` ยท `Group_12_element` ยท `Group_3_element` ยท `Group_4_element` ยท `Group_5_element` ยท `Group_6_element` ยท `Group_7_element` ยท `Group_8_element` ยท `Group_9_element` ยท `Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao` ยท `Gutta-percha` ยท `HSAB_theory` ยท [[Hafnium]] ยท `Hair_clip` ยท [[Half-life]] ยท `Halogen` ยท `Hammer` ยท [[Hassium]] ยท `Heat_exchanger` ยท [[Helium]] ยท [[Holmium]] ยท `Holmium_titanate` ยท `Howlite` ยท `Human_body` ยท `Hydrochloric_acid` ยท `Hydrofluoric_acid` ยท [[Hydrogen]] ยท `Hydrogen_sulfide` ยท `Hydrometallurgy` ยท `Igneous_rock` ยท `Ilmenite` ยท `In_vivo` ยท `Inclusion_(mineral)` ยท `India` ยท [[Indium]] ยท `Internet_Archive` ยท [[Iodine]] ยท [[Ionization_energy]] ยท [[Iridium]] ยท [[Iron]] ยท `Iron_oxide` ยท `Isotope` ยท `Isotopes_of_scandium` ยท `Isotopes_of_titanium` ยท `Isotopes_of_vanadium` ยท `Ivory` ยท `JBL` ยท `Jade` ยท `Jan_Hendrik_de_Boer` ยท `Japan` ยท `Jasper` ยท `Jet_(gemstone)` ยท `Jet_engine` ยท `Jewellery` ยท `Jewellery_chain` ยท `Jewellery_design` ยท `Jewelry_model` ยท `Joint_replacement` ยท `Kelvin` ยท `Kenya` ยท `Kingdom_of_Great_Britain` ยท `Kroll_process` ยท [[Krypton]] ยท `Kyanite` ยท `Labradorite` ยท `Landing_gear` ยท [[Lanthanum]] ยท `Lapel_pin` ยท `Lapidary` ยท `Lapis_lazuli` ยท `Larimar` ยท `Lars_Fredrik_Nilson` ยท `Lattice_constant` ยท [[Lawrencium]] ยท [[Lead]] ยท `Lead_zirconate_titanate` ยท `Lewis_acids_and_bases` ยท `Lexico` ยท `Liquid_oxygen` ยท `List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies` ยท `List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements` ยท `List_of_jewellery_types` ยท [[Lithium]] ยท `Lithium_hexafluorotitanate` ยท `Lithium_titanate` ยท `Lithosphere` ยท [[Livermorium]] ยท `Lockheed_A-12` ยท `Lost-wax_casting` ยท [[Lutetium]] ยท `Madagascar` ยท [[Magnesium]] ยท `Magnet` ยท [[Magnetic_resonance_imaging]] ยท `Magnetic_susceptibility` ยท `Magnetism` ยท `Malachite` ยท `Mandrel` ยท [[Manganese]] ยท `Marcasite_jewellery` ยท `Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth` ยท `Mass` ยท [[Meitnerium]] ยท `Melting_point` ยท `Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics` ยท [[Mendelevium]] ยท [[Mercury_(element)]] ยท `Metal_carbonyl` ยท `Metal_casting` ยท `Metal_clay` ยท `Metal_foam` ยท `Metalworking` ยท `Meteorite` ยท `Mineral` ยท `Missile` ยท `Mohs_scale` ยท `Mokume-gane` ยท `Molar_concentration` ยท `Molar_heat_capacity` ยท `Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements` ยท [[Molybdenum]] ยท `Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space` ยท [[Moon]] ยท `Moonstone_(gemstone)` ยท [[Moscovium]] ยท `Mozambique` ยท `NFPA_704` ยท `Nacelle` ยท `Nacre` ยท `Nanocrystalline_material` ยท `Nanometre` ยท `Nanoparticle` ยท `Native_element_mineral` ยท `Natural_abundance` ยท `Nature_(journal)` ยท `Neck_ring` ยท `Necklace` ยท [[Neodymium]] ยท [[Neon]] ยท [[Neptunium]] ยท `New_Zealand` ยท [[Nickel]] ยท `Nickel_silver` ยท [[Nihonium]] ยท [[Niobium]] ยท [[Nitrogen]] ยท [[Nobelium]] ยท [[Noble_gas]] ยท `Norman_Greenwood` ยท `Norway` ยท `Obsidian` ยท [[Oganesson]] ยท `Onyx` ยท `Opal` ยท `Operculum_(gastropod)` ยท `Organic_chemistry` ยท `Organotitanium_chemistry` ยท [[Osmium]] ยท `Osseointegration` ยท `Oxford_University_Press` ยท `Oxidation_state` ยท `Oxide` ยท `Oxide_mineral` ยท [[Oxygen]] ยท `P-wave_modulus` ยท [[Palladium]] ยท `Paramagnetism` ยท `Passivation_(chemistry)` ยท `Pearl` ยท `Pearson_symbol` ยท `Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)` ยท `Pendant` ยท `Pennsylvania_State_University` ยท `Peridot` ยท `Period_(periodic_table)` ยท `Period_1_element` ยท `Period_2_element` ยท `Period_3_element` ยท `Period_4_element` ยท `Period_5_element` ยท `Period_6_element` ยท `Period_7_element` ยท `Periodic_Videos` ยท `Periodic_table` ยท `Permanent_jewellery` ยท `Pewter` ยท `Phaleristics` ยท `Phase_(matter)` ยท [[Phosphorus]] ยท `Photocatalysis` ยท `Picometre` ยท `Pigment` ยท `Pinchbeck_(alloy)` ยท `Plant` ยท [[Plasma_(physics)]] ยท `Plating` ยท [[Platinum]] ยท `Pliers` ยท [[Plutonium]] ยท `Pnictogen` ยท `Pocket_watch` ยท `Poisson's_ratio` ยท `Polishing_(metalworking)` ยท [[Polonium]] ยท `Polycrase` ยท `Polymerization` ยท `Polyolefin` ยท `Polypropylene` ยท `Popular_Mechanics` ยท `Popular_Science` ยท [[Positron_emission]] ยท [[Potassium]] ยท `Potassium_hexafluorotitanate` ยท `Pourbaix_diagram` ยท [[Praseodymium]] ยท `Prasiolite` ยท `Precious_coral` ยท `Precious_metal` ยท `Primordial_nuclide` ยท [[Promethium]] ยท [[Protactinium]] ยท `Prussia` ยท `Pulp_and_paper_industry` ยท `Pyrotechnics` ยท `Quartz` ยท [[Radioactive_decay]] ยท [[Radium]] ยท [[Radon]] ยท `Reagent` ยท `Red_beryl` ยท `Refractive_index` ยท `Refractory` ยท `Refractory_metals` ยท `Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute` ยท `Repoussรฉ_and_chasing` ยท [[Rhenium]] ยท [[Rhodium]] ยท `Ring_(jewellery)` ยท `Rock_(geology)` ยท [[Roentgenium]] ยท `Room_temperature` ยท [[Rubidium]] ยท `Rubidium_hexafluorotitanate` ยท `Ruby` ยท [[Ruthenium]] ยท [[Rutherfordium]] ยท `Rutile` ยท [[Samarium]] ยท `Sapphire` ยท [[Scandium]] ยท [[Seaborgium]] ยท `Sedimentary_rock` ยท [[Selenium]] ยท `Senegal` ยท `Shakudล` ยท `Sharpless_epoxidation` ยท `Shear_modulus` ยท `Shear_stress` ยท `Sheet_metal` ยท `Shell_jewelry` ยท `Shibuichi` ยท `Sierra_Leone` ยท `Silicate_mineral` ยท [[Silicon]] ยท [[Silver]] ยท `Silversmith` ยท `Slag` ยท `Smoke_screen` ยท `Smoky_quartz` ยท `Sodalite` ยท [[Sodium]] ยท `Sodium_hexafluorotitanate` ยท `Sodium_hypochlorite` ยท `Solder` ยท `Soldering` ยท `Solid` ยท `Sound` ยท `South_Africa` ยท `Soviet_Union` ยท `Spacecraft` ยท `Specific_heat_capacity` ยท `Specific_strength` ยท `Spectral_line` ยท `Speed_of_sound` ยท `Spinel` ยท `Spondylus` ยท `Sputtering` ยท `Stainless_steel` ยท `Standard_atomic_weight` ยท `Standard_temperature_and_pressure` ยท `Star` ยท [[Steel]] ยท `Stellar_classification` ยท `Sterling_silver` ยท `Stoichiometry` ยท `Stonesetting` ยท `Strategic_material` ยท [[Strontium]] ยท `Strontium_titanate` ยท `Suboxide` ยท [[Sulfur]] ยท `Sulfuric_acid` ยท [[Sun]] ยท `Sunscreen` ยท `Sunstone` ยท [[Superconductivity]] ยท `Synthetic_radioisotope` ยท `Tailings` ยท [[Tantalum]] ยท `Tanzanite` ยท `Tebbe's_reagent` ยท [[Technetium]] ยท [[Tellurium]] ยท [[Tennessine]] ยท [[Terbium]] ยท [[Thallium]] ยท `The_New_York_Times` ยท `The_Washington_Post` ยท `Thermal_conduction` ยท `Thermal_expansion` ยท [[Thorium]] ยท [[Thulium]] ยท `Tiara` ยท `Tie_chain` ยท `Tie_clip` ยท `Tie_pin` ยท `Tiger's_eye` ยท `Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries` ยท [[Tin]] ยท `Titanate` ยท `Titanic_acid` ยท `Titanium(II)_bromide` ยท `Titanium(II)_chloride` ยท `Titanium(II)_iodide` ยท `Titanium(II)_oxide` ยท `Titanium(II)_sulfide` ยท `Titanium(III)_bromide` ยท `Titanium(III)_chloride` ยท `Titanium(III)_fluoride` ยท `Titanium(III)_iodide` ยท `Titanium(III)_oxide` ยท `Titanium(III)_sulfide` ยท `Titanium(IV)_acetate` ยท `Titanium(IV)_hydride` ยท `Titanium_alloys` ยท `Titanium_aluminide` ยท `Titanium_carbide` ยท `Titanium_diboride` ยท `Titanium_dioxide` ยท `Titanium_diselenide` ยท `Titanium_disulfide` ยท `Titanium_hydride` ยท `Titanium_nitride` ยท `Titanium_production_by_country` ยท `Titanium_tetrabromide` ยท `Titanium_tetrachloride` ยท `Titanium_tetrafluoride` ยท `Titanium_tetraiodide` ยท `Titanium_yellow` ยท `Toadstone` ยท `Toe_ring` ยท `Topaz` ยท `Tortoiseshell` ยท `Tourmaline` ยท `Transition_metal` ยท `Tumbaga` ยท [[Tungsten]] ยท `Turquoise` ยท `Tweeter` ยท `Ukraine` ยท `Ultimate_tensile_strength` ยท `Ultra-high_vacuum` ยท `United_States` ยท `United_States_Department_of_Defense` ยท `United_States_Geological_Survey` ยท `University_of_York` ยท [[Uranium]] ยท `Van_Arkelโde_Boer_process` ยท [[Vanadium]] ยท `Vapor_pressure` ยท `Variscite` ยท `Vickers_hardness_test` ยท `Vitreous_enamel` ยท `Watch` ยท `Watch_strap` ยท `Watchmaker` ยท `Wearable_art` ยท `Welding` ยท `Wire_sculpture` ยท `Wire_wrapped_jewelry` ยท [[Xenon]] ยท `Young's_modulus` ยท [[Ytterbium]] ยท [[Yttrium]] ยท `ZieglerโNatta_catalyst` ยท [[Zinc]] ยท `Zircon` ยท [[Zirconium]]
> **Official MAIN - Chemical element, Z = 22.** Part of the Elements Canon (one canonical page per element). Infobox grounded in [Wikipedia: List of chemical elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements), fetched 2026-07-08. Full article: [Wikipedia: Titanium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium).
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## Key facts (infobox)
| | |
|---|---|
| Symbol - Z | Ti - 22 |
| Group - Period - Block | 4 - 4 - d-block |
| Atomic weight (Da) | 47.867 |
| Density (g/cm3) | 4.506 |
| Melting - Boiling (K) | 1941 - 3560 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| Crustal abundance (mg/kg) | 5650 |
| Origin | primordial |
| Phase (STP) | solid |
| Name origin | the Titans of Greek myth |
*Bracketed weights are the mass number of the most stable isotope; values in parentheses are predictions (per the source table).*
## Story
Titanium was discovered in 1791 by English clergyman William Gregor in beach sand from Cornwall, and later independently isolated by German chemist Heinrich Klaproth in 1795, who named it after the Titans of Greek mythology. For nearly two centuries it remained a laboratory rarity; commercial-grade metallic titanium was not produced until the 1950s using the Kroll process [model-prior - verify]. The breakthrough came from aerospace industry demand for materials that could withstand extreme temperatures and stresses.
Titanium is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a density less than half that of steel but comparable strength [model-prior - verify]. Its primary ore is ilmenite (FeTiOโ), the same iron-titanium oxide that covers the Moon's surface and is a key oxygen extraction resource for lunar colonization. On Earth, titanium's highest-volume uses are in aerospace (jet engines, airframes), marine equipment (ship hulls, submarines), and medical implants (joint replacements, dental implants) where its biocompatibility and strength are crucial [model-prior - verify].
In the corpus, titanium embodies the bridge between terrestrial and extraterrestrial resources. Ilmenite connects Earth's mining infrastructure (particularly the Duluth Complex deposits in Minnesota) to the Moon's oxygen economy, making titanium central to both the Space Mining and Hydrodynamics curricula. The element's story is one of industrial maturation: from Mendeleev's predicted gap to Kroll's breakthrough to the present day's critical-materials supply chains.
## Corpus connections
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - the Chemistry hub
- Centers of Excellence Portal
- [[Technetium|Technetium - the element made before found]] - the canon's patron - and Technitium, the School
- [[Moon|The Moon]] - ilmenite deposits and oxygen extraction in lunar resource utilization
- Space Mining in Minnesota - ilmenite's role in both terrestrial taconite mining and extraterrestrial oxygen supply chains
## Vocational-Technical Semiotics
The element speaks the canon's shared signs: the periodic table cell (Ti, group 4, period 4), isotope notation, and hazard pictograms ghs where handling demands it.
## Sources
Infobox: [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements) (fetched 2026-07-08); etymology per the same table's notes. Story sources to be added at enrichment.
## Navigation
- Canon: Elements Canon index - neighbors by Z: [[Scandium|Scandium (21)]] - [[Vanadium|Vanadium (23)]]
- R.E.A.C.T.I.O.N. - Centers of Excellence
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*Built to the [[WT!P5_js_Microsim_Master_Class|p5.js Master Class]].*
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## Wikipedia : Wikitube
**Strict pair:** [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium) : [Wikitube](https://en.wikitube.io/wiki/Titanium)
## Previous hub tags
Tree parents: [[Helium]] ยท [[Hydrogen]] ยท [[Oxygen]].
Legacy hubs: none.
---
*Sources: 2 legacy notes. Minted wave 1, 2026-07-30 (v1.6 order).*