# 1948 civil rights address *A 1948 speech by Hubert Humphrey, then mayor of Minneapolis, as it appears in the Minnesota record.* The 1948 civil rights address was a speech given in 1948 by [[Hubert Humphrey]] while he was mayor of [[Minneapolis]]. The project's at-issue record states that the address "reoriented a national party". It is the record's only description of the speech.[^1] In the same year [[Orville Freeman]] managed Humphrey's successful campaign for the United States Senate. Freeman had met Humphrey at the [[University of Minnesota]]. Freeman also took the chair of the recently merged Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, a post he held from 1948 to 1950.[^2] The record establishes the sequence of the two men's 1948 activities. It does not establish the text of the address, its venue, its audience or its reception, and it does not establish the motive of either man.[^1][^2] ## What The at-issue record identifies the event only as a civil rights address that Humphrey delivered in 1948. It characterizes the address as having "reoriented a national party" but does not name that party.[^1] The record holds no transcript, excerpt or contemporaneous account of the speech.[^1] ## When The record dates the address to 1948 and gives no month or day. It places the speech during Humphrey's tenure as mayor of Minneapolis.[^1] The same year marks three steps in Freeman's party career, as recorded in his Wikipedia biography:[^2] - the end of his service as secretary of the merged Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (1946–1948); - the start of his chairmanship (1948–1950); - his management of Humphrey's 1948 Senate campaign. ## Who - **Hubert Humphrey.** He was mayor of Minneapolis when he gave the address, and the at-issue record says he held that office for three years.[^1] Freeman's Wikipedia biography records that Freeman worked as a political aide during Humphrey's mayoralty.[^2] - **Orville Lothrop Freeman.** He was born in Minneapolis on May 9, 1918, and died there on February 20, 2003.[^2] He was Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party secretary from 1946 to 1948 and party chairman from 1948 to 1950. He ran Humphrey's 1948 Senate campaign.[^2] He later served as the first Democratic-Farmer-Labor [[governor]] of [[Minnesota]], from 1955 to 1961.[^2] ## In the at-issue record The address is the subject of one at-issue entry, [[At issue 082 - Hubert Humphrey was mayor of Minneapolis for three]]. The entry is filed in the Hennepin package as AI-Hennepin-082 and is also catalogued as AI-082. It sits in Block G of the catalogue at rank 82, shock 48.[^1] It cites §II.a of the Freeman dossier as its source and lists two source domains, en.wikipedia.org and mnhs.org. Of these, only the Wikipedia biography of Freeman is among this article's citable sources.[^2] The entry's named anchor is a March 2025 presidential action, *Stopping Waste, Fraud, and Abuse by Eliminating Information Silos*. The record does not show that this order addresses Humphrey, Freeman or the events of 1948. It is cited here only as the entry's anchor.[^1] The entry also asserts that later offices descend from the two men's arrangement and that this arrangement is the origin of single-party governance in the county. The record carries no enactment, filing, finding or count that documents that claim.[^1][^2] ## Notes [^1]: The White House, *Stopping Waste, Fraud, and Abuse by Eliminating Information Silos* (March 2025). This is the anchor document named by at-issue entry AI-Hennepin-082 (also AI-082), whose text supplies the statements attributed here to the at-issue record. The order is cited only as that entry's anchor; the record does not show that it documents the 1948 address, Humphrey's mayoralty or the 1948 campaign. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/stopping-waste-fraud-and-abuse-by-eliminating-information-silos/ [^2]: Wikipedia, *Orville Freeman* (as excerpted in Freeman_Apex_Dossier_2026-09-02.md §II.a; graded F). This is a secondary biographical source. It establishes that Freeman was born in Minneapolis on May 9, 1918, and died there on February 20, 2003; that he met Humphrey at the University of Minnesota; that he was DFL secretary 1946–1948 and chairman 1948–1950; that he managed Humphrey's 1948 Senate campaign; that he was an aide during Humphrey's mayoralty; and that he was the first DFL governor, 1955–1961. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Freeman