# Executive Order 14173 *United States executive order of January 21, 2025* **Executive Order 14173**, titled *Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity*, is a United States executive order dated January 21, 2025. It was published in the Federal Register on January 23, 2025, as document 2025-01745.[^1] In the Minnesota record, the order is cited as the federal-policy posture under which a suit was filed.[^1] The record assembled for this article does not establish the order's operative text, its signatory, the caption or docket of that suit, or any court or agency ruling applying the order. Those matters are therefore not stated here.[^1] ## In the Minnesota record ### What - The order is published in the Federal Register as document 2025-01745, under the title *Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity*.[^1] - The project's catalogue of claim-to-source pairs cites the order in eight entries. In each entry it appears as the federal-policy posture or as a federal-posture document.[^1] - Those entries fall under the following legal theories: - Title VII disparate treatment, together with Minnesota Statutes §43A.191 and RICO and qui tam theories. - Title VI. - The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. - 42 U.S.C. §1981. - A theory of institutional capture. - A federal theory involving the Metropolitan Council, the University of Minnesota and the Citizens League. - A theory concerning VOLAG refugee resettlement.[^1] - One catalogue entry describes the order as revoking an affirmative-action framework. The record does not establish which framework or instrument that entry refers to.[^1] ### When - The order is dated January 21, 2025.[^1] - The Federal Register published it on January 23, 2025.[^1] ## Notes [^1]: Federal Register, *Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity*, Document 2025-01745 (January 23, 2025) — publication of Executive Order 14173, dated January 21, 2025; the source cited for the order in the project's claim catalogue. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/23/2025-01745/ending-illegal-discrimination-and-restoring-merit-based-opportunity